Isaiah 1:22

כַּסְפֵּ֖ךְ הָיָ֣ה לְסִיגִ֑ים סָבְאֵ֖ךְ מָה֥וּל בַּמָּֽיִם׃

Your silver has become dross; your wine is diluted with water.

Morphology

1. כַּסְפֵּךְ (kaspekh) – Root: כסף; Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your silver”; Notes: Symbol of wealth or purity, here corrupted.
2. הָיָה (hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has become”; Notes: Marks a transformation in character or state.
3. לְסִיגִים (le-sigim) – Root: סוג; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “into dross”; Notes: Waste product from refining metal; metaphor for impurity or corruption.
4. סָבְאֵךְ (sovʾekh) – Root: סבא; Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your wine”; Notes: Symbol of joy or festivity, now debased.
5. מָהוּל (mahul) – Root: מהל; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “diluted”; Notes: Watered down, implying loss of strength or quality.
6. בַּמָּיִם (ba-mayim) – Root: מים; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “with the water”; Notes: Literal image reinforcing the symbolic meaning of moral decline.