עַל־כֵּ֨ן עַל־בַּחוּרָ֜יו לֹֽא־יִשְׂמַ֣ח אֲדֹנָ֗י וְאֶת־יְתֹמָ֤יו וְאֶת־אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔ם כִּ֤י כֻלֹּו֙ חָנֵ֣ף וּמֵרַ֔ע וְכָל־פֶּ֖ה דֹּבֵ֣ר נְבָלָ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפֹּ֔ו וְעֹ֖וד יָדֹ֥ו נְטוּיָֽה׃
Therefore the Lord shall not rejoice over his young men, and on his orphans and his widows He shall have no compassion; for every one of them is profane and evil, and every mouth speaks folly. In all this His anger has not turned back, and His hand is still stretched out.
Morphology
- עַל־כֵּ֨ן (ʿal-ken) – Root: כן; Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces the reasoned consequence of the prior verses.
- עַל־בַּחוּרָ֜יו (ʿal-bachurav) – Root: בחר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over his young men”; Notes: Refers to the nation’s strength or military-age youth.
- לֹֽא־יִשְׂמַ֣ח (lo-yismach) – Root: שמח; Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall not rejoice”; Notes: YHWH will no longer take delight in them.
- אֲדֹנָ֗י (Adonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the Lord”; Notes: Subject of the verb, referring to YHWH in a title of majesty.
- וְאֶת־יְתֹמָ֤יו (ve-et-yetomav) – Root: יתם; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural with suffix; Translation: “and His orphans”; Notes: Typically recipients of divine compassion, here denied.
- וְאֶת־אַלְמְנֹתָיו (ve-et-almenotav) – Root: אלמן; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun feminine plural with suffix; Translation: “and His widows”; Notes: Parallel to orphans in judgment context.
- לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔ם (lo-yeraḥem) – Root: רחם; Form: Negative particle + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall have no compassion”; Notes: Strong denial of expected mercy.
- כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Gives reason for judgment.
- כֻלֹּו (kullo) – Root: כלל; Form: Noun with 3rd person suffix; Translation: “all of him” or “every one of them”; Notes: Refers to the collective nation.
- חָנֵ֣ף (ḥanef) – Root: חנף; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “profane”; Notes: Describes moral corruption or irreverence.
- וּמֵרַ֔ע (u-me-raʿ) – Root: רעע; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and evil”; Notes: Adds ethical corruption to their guilt.
- וְכָל־פֶּ֖ה (ve-khol-peh) – Root: פה; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and every mouth”; Notes: Refers to the speech of the people.
- דֹּבֵ֣ר (dover) – Root: דבר; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “speaks”; Notes: Continual speech pattern.
- נְבָלָ֑ה (nevalah) – Root: נבל; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “folly” or “disgrace”; Notes: Often connotes blasphemy, immorality, or perversity.
- בְּכָל־זֹאת (be-khol-zot) – Form: Preposition + demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “in all this”; Notes: Repeated refrain of divine persistence in judgment.
- לֹא־שָׁ֣ב (lo-shav) – Root: שוב; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has not turned back”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s anger.
- אַפֹּ֔ו (appo) – Root: אף; Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix; Translation: “His anger”; Notes: Common term for divine wrath.
- וְעֹ֖וד (ve-ʿod) – Root: עוד; Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “and still”; Notes: Reinforces the continuation of divine action.
- יָדֹ֥ו (yado) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine singular with suffix; Translation: “His hand”; Notes: Symbol of active divine judgment.
- נְטוּיָֽה (netuyah) – Root: נטה; Form: Passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “stretched out”; Notes: Continuing posture of punishment.