נִֽאֻפַ֤יִךְ וּמִצְהֲלֹותַ֨יִךְ֙ זִמַּ֣ת זְנוּתֵ֔ךְ עַל־גְּבָעֹות֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי שִׁקּוּצָ֑יִךְ אֹ֥וי לָךְ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לֹ֣א תִטְהֲרִ֔י אַחֲרֵ֥י מָתַ֖י עֹֽד׃ פ
Your adulteries and your neighings, the lewdness of your whoredom—on the hills in the field I have seen your abominations. Woe to you, Yerushalayim! You will not be cleansed—after how long yet?
Morphology
- נִֽאֻפַ֤יִךְ (niʾufayikh) – Root: נאף; Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2fs suffix; Translation: “your adulteries”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to idolatry or covenantal unfaithfulness.
- וּמִצְהֲלֹותַ֨יִךְ (u-mits’halotayikh) – Root: צהל; Form: Noun, feminine plural with 2fs suffix; Translation: “and your neighings”; Notes: A vivid metaphor, possibly depicting unrestrained lust.
- זִמַּ֣ת (zimmat) – Root: זמם; Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “the lewdness of”; Notes: Connected to immoral planning or plots.
- זְנוּתֵ֔ךְ (zenutekh) – Root: זן; Form: Noun, feminine singular with 2fs suffix; Translation: “your whoredom”; Notes: Common prophetic metaphor for idolatry.
- עַל־גְּבָעֹות֙ (ʿal-gevāʿot) – Root: גבע; Form: Preposition + noun, feminine plural; Translation: “on the hills”; Notes: Often sites of idol worship.
- בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה (ba-sadeh) – Root: שדה; Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the field”; Notes: The location intensifies the exposure of the sin.
- רָאִ֖יתִי (ra’iti) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “I have seen”; Notes: YHWH is the speaker.
- שִׁקּוּצָ֑יִךְ (shiqqutsayikh) – Root: שקץ; Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2fs suffix; Translation: “your abominations”; Notes: Refers to ritual or moral defilement.
- אֹ֥וי (oy) – Root: Interjection; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: A cry of lament or judgment.
- לָךְ֙ (lakh) – Root: לך; Form: Preposition + 2fs suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Addressed directly to Yerushalayim.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם (Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Direct object of lament.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תִטְהֲרִ֔י (tit’harī) – Root: טהר; Form: Qal imperfect 2fs; Translation: “you will be cleansed”; Notes: Futurity or incompletion in context.
- אַחֲרֵ֥י (ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Introduces a question of time.
- מָתַ֖י (matay) – Root: Interrogative; Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “how long?”; Notes: Expresses urgency or exasperation.
- עֹֽד (ʿod) – Root: עוד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “yet”; Notes: Indicates continuation or delay.