וּבָ֣אוּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֗ים הַנִּלְחָמִים֙ עַל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְהִצִּ֜יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את בָּאֵ֖שׁ וּשְׂרָפ֑וּהָ וְאֵ֣ת הַבָּתִּ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ קִטְּר֨וּ עַל־גַּגֹּֽותֵיהֶ֜ם לַבַּ֗עַל וְהִסִּ֤כוּ נְסָכִים֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן הַכְעִסֵֽנִי׃
And the Kasdim, who are fighting against this city, shall come and set this city on fire and burn it, along with the houses upon whose roofs they burned incense to the Baʿal and poured out drink offerings to other gods, in order to provoke Me to anger.
Morphology
- וּבָאוּ (u-vaʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and they shall come”; Notes: Future by context, describing the impending arrival of the Kasdim.
- הַכַּשְׂדִּים (ha-Kasdim) – Root: כשׂד (Kasdim); Form: Definite proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Babylonians.
- הַנִּלְחָמִים (ha-nilḥamim) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Niphal participle masculine plural definite; Translation: “who are fighting”; Notes: Describes their active military engagement.
- עַל־הָעִיר (ʿal-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “against the city”; Notes: Indicates the target of their attack.
- הַזֹּאת (hazzot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative adjective feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Specifies the city in question.
- וְהִצִּיתוּ (ve-hitsitu) – Root: יצת (yatsat); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and they shall set on fire”; Notes: Hiphil causative — to cause to burn.
- אֶת־הָעִיר (ʾet-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Direct object of the burning action.
- הַזֹּאת (hazzot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative adjective feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- בָּאֵשׁ (ba-ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ (ʾesh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: Instrumental use — the means of destruction.
- וּשְׂרָפוּהָ (u-serafuha) – Root: שׂרף (saraf); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and they shall burn it”; Notes: Emphasizes total destruction.
- וְאֵת (ve-ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + object marker; Translation: “and [also]”; Notes: Connects an additional object to the burning action.
- הַבָּתִּים (ha-battim) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Definite noun masculine plural (irregular plural form); Translation: “the houses”; Notes: Refers to residential buildings in Jerusalem.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause.
- קִטְּרוּ (qitteru) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they burned incense”; Notes: Piel intensifies the act — ritual incense burning.
- עַל־גַּגֹּותֵיהֶם (ʿal-gaggoteihem) – Root: גג (gag); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon their roofs”; Notes: Flat rooftops used for idolatrous worship.
- לַבַּעַל (la-Baʿal) – Root: בעל (Baʿal); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “to the Baʿal”; Notes: Canaanite deity often opposed in prophetic writings.
- וְהִסִּכוּ (ve-hissiku) – Root: נסך (nasakh); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and they poured out”; Notes: Refers to libation rituals.
- נְסָכִים (nesakhim) – Root: נסך (nesekh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “drink offerings”; Notes: Liquid offerings as part of worship rites.
- לֵאלֹהִים (le-ʾelohim) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “to gods”; Notes: Refers to deities other than YHWH.
- אֲחֵרִים (aḥerim) – Root: אחר (aḥer); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “other”; Notes: Qualifies the “gods” as foreign or false.
- לְמַעַן (le-maʿan) – Root: מען (maʿan); Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Introduces purpose clause.
- הַכְעִסֵנִי (hakʿiseni) – Root: כעס (kaʿas); Form: Hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “provoke Me to anger”; Notes: Hiphil causative — to cause anger, here directed toward YHWH.