הַגִּ֣ידוּ בִֽיהוּדָ֗ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ הַשְׁמִ֔יעוּ וְאִמְר֕וּ ותקעו שֹׁופָ֖ר בָּאָ֑רֶץ קִרְא֤וּ מַלְאוּ֙ וְאִמְר֔וּ הֵאָסְפ֥וּ וְנָבֹ֖ואָה אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃
Declare in Yehuda, and in Yerushalayim make it heard and say, “Blow the shofar in the land! Call out, fill yourselves, and say: ‘Gather and let us go into the fortified cities.’
Morphology
- הַגִּ֣ידוּ (haggidu) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Declare”; Notes: A call to proclamation, often used for official or prophetic speech.
- בִֽיהוּדָ֗ה (bi-Yehudah) – Root: יהודה; Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “in Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
- וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם (u-vi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלים; Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “and in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Parallel location to Yehudah.
- הַשְׁמִ֔יעוּ (hashmiʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “make it heard”; Notes: Causative form, calls for broadcasting the message.
- וְאִמְר֕וּ (ve-ʾimru) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and say”; Notes: Common directive in prophetic speech.
- ותקעו (u-tekʿu) – Root: תקע (taqaʿ); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with conjunction (vav omitted); Translation: “Blow”; Notes: Refers to sounding the shofar, a call to alarm or assembly.
- שֹׁופָ֖ר (shofar) – Root: שׁפר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “shofar”; Notes: Ram’s horn used in signaling war or sacred events.
- בָּאָ֑רֶץ (ba-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Refers to the territory of Yehudah or Israel generally.
- קִרְא֤וּ (qirʾu) – Root: קרא (qaraʾ); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Call out”; Notes: A general call, here likely to mobilize or warn.
- מַלְאוּ (malʾu) – Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Fill yourselves”; Notes: May imply arming, preparing, or taking positions — contextually urgent action.
- וְאִמְר֔וּ (ve-ʾimru) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and say”; Notes: Repetition reinforces the importance of vocal proclamation.
- הֵאָסְפ֥וּ (heʾasfu) – Root: אסף (ʾasaf); Form: Nifal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Gather”; Notes: Command for collective movement or assembly.
- וְנָבֹ֖ואָה (ve-navoʾah) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural with conjunction; Translation: “and let us go”; Notes: Expresses volitional intent, urging unified action.
- אֶל־עָרֵ֥י (el-ʿarei) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “into the cities of”; Notes: Motion toward a location.
- הַמִּבְצָֽר (ha-mivtsar) – Root: בצר (batsar); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the fortress”; Notes: Refers to fortified or defensive strongholds.