Jeremiah 8:7

גַּם־חֲסִידָ֣ה בַשָּׁמַ֗יִם יָֽדְעָה֙ מֹֽועֲדֶ֔יהָ וְתֹ֤ר וְסוּס וְעָג֔וּר שָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־עֵ֣ת בֹּאָ֑נָה וְעַמִּ֕י לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יְהוָֽה׃

Even the stork in the heavens knows her appointed times, and the turtledove and the swallow and the crane observe the time of their coming, but My people do not know the judgment of YHWH.

Morphology

1. גַּם (gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “also” or “even”; Notes: Introduces comparison or addition; sets up a contrast.
2. חֲסִידָה (ḥasidah) – Root: חסד (ḥesed); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “stork”; Notes: Bird associated with instinctive migration behavior.
3. בַשָּׁמַיִם (ba-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine dual; Translation: “in the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the skies where birds fly.
4. יָדְעָה (yadaʿah) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she knows”; Notes: Subject is “stork”; knowledge refers to natural instinct.
5. מוֹעֲדֶיהָ (moʿadeha) – Root: יעד (yaʿad); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her appointed times”; Notes: Refers to seasons or migratory cycles.
6. וְתוֹר (ve-tor) – Root: תור (tor); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the turtledove”; Notes: Migratory bird; continuation of list.
7. וְסוּס (ve-sus) – Root: סוס (sus); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the swallow”; Notes: Alternate possibility: “swift”; here likely a type of bird.
8. וְעָגוּר (ve-ʿagur) – Root: עגר (ʿagar); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the crane”; Notes: Continues list of birds known for migration.
9. שָׁמְרוּ (shameru) – Root: שׁמר (shamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they observed” or “they kept”; Notes: Refers to instinctive compliance with natural timing.
10. אֶת־עֵת (et-ʿet) – Root: עת (ʿet); Form: Definite direct object marker + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the time of”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “observed.”
11. בֹּאָנָה (boʾanah) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine plural suffix; Translation: “their coming”; Notes: Refers to seasonal migration of birds.
12. וְעַמִּי (ve-ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “but My people”; Notes: Contrast with birds; divine lament.
13. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Introduces negation of knowledge or response.
14. יָדְעוּ (yadʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they knew”; Notes: Implies moral or covenantal knowledge, not just information.
15. אֵת (et) – Root: —; Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the object “judgment of YHWH.”
16. מִשְׁפַּט (mishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “judgment”; Notes: Refers to divine justice, instruction, or legal decision.
17. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hvh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.