וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־עָזְבָם֙ אֶת־תֹּ֣ורָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֥וּ בְקֹולִ֖י וְלֹא־הָ֥לְכוּ בָֽהּ׃
And YHWH said, “Because they have forsaken My Torah which I set before them, and have not listened to My voice, and have not walked in it.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Marks a direct divine utterance.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The speaker identified explicitly.
- עַל־עָזְבָם (ʿal-ʿazvam) – Root: עזב (ʿazav); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “because of their forsaking”; Notes: Expresses the reason for YHWH’s statement.
- אֶת־תֹּורָתִי (et-toratī) – Root: ירה (yarah); Form: Direct object marker + feminine singular noun in construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My Torah”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s instruction or law.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause about the Torah.
- נָתַתִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I gave”; Notes: Describes the divine origin of the Torah.
- לִפְנֵיהֶם (lifneihem) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition + plural suffix; Translation: “before them”; Notes: Emphasizes the direct presentation of the Torah.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Begins a compound statement of disobedience.
- שָׁמְעוּ (shamʿu) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they listened”; Notes: Negated here, indicating rejection of YHWH’s voice.
- בְקֹולִי (be-qolī) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Preposition + noun in construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to My voice”; Notes: Represents YHWH’s revealed will.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the list of violations.
- הָלְכוּ (halekhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they walked”; Notes: Denotes lifestyle or conduct.
- בָהּ (bah) – Root: Prepositional pronoun; Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers back to the Torah as a path to walk in.