וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָכִ֔ישׁ אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם הַיֹּ֑ום וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד עַל־נֶ֤גֶב יְהוּדָה֙ וְעַל־נֶ֣גֶב הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְאֶל־נֶ֖גֶב הַקֵּינִֽי׃
And Aḵish said, “Where have you raided today?” And Dawid said, “Against the Negev of Yehuda, and against the Negev of the Yaraḥmeʾeli, and against the Negev of the Qeni.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces Aḵish’s speech.
- אָכִ֔ישׁ (Aḵish) – Root: אכיש (Aḵish); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aḵish”; Notes: The Philistine ruler.
- אַל־ (ʾal) – Root: אל (ʾal); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Where”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם (peshattem) – Root: פשׁט (pashat); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “have you raided”; Notes: Refers to military attacks.
- הַיֹּ֑ום (ha-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “today”; Notes: Specifies the time.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces Dawid’s response.
- דָּוִ֗ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Against”; Notes: Introduces the target.
- נֶ֤גֶב (Negev) – Root: נגב (Negev); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Negev”; Notes: Refers to the southern region.
- יְהוּדָה֙ (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the tribe or territory.
- וְעַל־ (ve-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with conjunction; Translation: “and against”; Notes: Introduces additional targets.
- נֶ֣גֶב (Negev) – Root: נגב (Negev); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Negev”; Notes: The southern desert region.
- הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י (ha-Yaraḥmeʾeli) – Root: ירחמאל (Yaraḥmeʾel); Form: Proper noun, adjective; Translation: “the Yaraḥmeʾeli”; Notes: Refers to a group within Yehudah.
- וְאֶל־ (ve-ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with conjunction; Translation: “and to”; Notes: Introduces the last target.
- נֶ֖גֶב (Negev) – Root: נגב (Negev); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Negev”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- הַקֵּינִֽי (ha-Qeni) – Root: קיני (Qeni); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the Qeni”; Notes: A nomadic group allied with Israel.