וְאִ֨ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֜ה לֹֽא־יְחַיֶּ֣ה דָוִ֗ד לְהָבִ֥יא גַת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פֶּן־יַגִּ֥דוּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־עָשָׂ֤ה דָוִד֙ וְכֹ֣ה מִשְׁפָּטֹ֔ו כָּל־הַ֨יָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשַׁ֖ב בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃
And Dawid did not let a man or woman live to bring to Gat, saying, “Lest they tell about us, saying, ‘Thus has Dawid done.’” And thus is his practice all the days that he lived in the field of the Pelishtim.
Morphology
- וְאִ֨ישׁ (ve-ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Part of the phrase indicating no survivors.
- וְאִשָּׁ֜ה (ve-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “or woman”; Notes: Completes the phrase indicating no survivors.
- לֹֽא־יְחַיֶּ֣ה (lo-yeḥayyeh) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “did not let live”; Notes: Indicates extermination.
- דָוִ֗ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- לְהָבִ֥יא (le-havi) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to bring”; Notes: Describes the intended action.
- גַת֙ (Gat) – Root: גת (Gat); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Gat”; Notes: The Philistine city.
- לֵאמֹ֔ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- פֶּן־יַגִּ֥דוּ (pen-yaggidu) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “lest they tell”; Notes: Expresses fear of exposure.
- עָלֵ֖ינוּ (ʿaleinu) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “about us”; Notes: Indicates the subject of potential speech.
- לֵאמֹ֑ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces a quotation.
- כֹּֽה־עָשָׂ֤ה (koh-ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Thus has done”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s actions.
- דָוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the previous verb.
- וְכֹ֣ה (ve-koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “and thus”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- מִשְׁפָּטֹ֔ו (mishpato) – Root: שפט (shafat); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his practice”; Notes: Describes Dawid’s habitual action.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Indicates entirety.
- הַ֨יָּמִ֔ים (ha-yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the days”; Notes: Refers to the duration.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- יָשַׁ֖ב (yashav) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he lived”; Notes: Completed action.
- בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה (bi-sdeh) – Root: שדה (sadeh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “in the field of”; Notes: Specifies the location.
- פְלִשְׁתִּֽים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשתי (Pelishti); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines.