וְהִכָּ֤ה דָוִד֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יְחַיֶּ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלָקַח֩ צֹ֨אן וּבָקָ֜ר וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים וּגְמַלִּים֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָכִֽישׁ׃
And Dawid struck the land, and he did not let a man or woman live. And he took sheep, cattle, donkeys, camels, and garments, and he returned and came to Aḵish.
Morphology
- וְהִכָּ֤ה (ve-hikkah) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he struck”; Notes: Indicates an act of destruction or conquest.
- דָוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks “the land” as the direct object.
- הָאָ֔רֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾeretz); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “the land”; Notes: The territory being attacked.
- וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces negation.
- יְחַיֶּ֖ה (yeḥayyeh) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “let live”; Notes: Intensive form indicating complete extermination.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to male inhabitants.
- וְאִשָּׁ֑ה (ve-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “or woman”; Notes: Complements “man” to indicate no survivors.
- וְלָקַח֩ (ve-laqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he took”; Notes: Describes the plundering action.
- צֹ֨אן (tson) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Noun, feminine singular (collective); Translation: “sheep”; Notes: One of the captured goods.
- וּבָקָ֜ר (u-vaqar) – Root: בקר (baqar); Form: Noun, masculine singular (collective); Translation: “cattle”; Notes: Part of the livestock taken.
- וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים (va-ḥamorim) – Root: חמור (ḥamor); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “donkeys”; Notes: Another type of plundered livestock.
- וּגְמַלִּים֙ (u-gemalim) – Root: גמל (gamal); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “camels”; Notes: Valuable animals for transport.
- וּבְגָדִ֔ים (u-vegadim) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “garments”; Notes: Likely referring to clothing taken as spoil.
- וַיָּ֖שָׁב (vayyashav) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he returned”; Notes: Indicates returning from the raid.
- וַיָּבֹ֥א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he came”; Notes: Describes the completion of the journey.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates the direction of movement.
- אָכִֽישׁ (Aḵish) – Root: אכיש (Aḵish); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aḵish”; Notes: Refers to the Philistine ruler.