וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י וְהַגִּרְזִי וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁבֹ֤ות הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעֹולָ֔ם בֹּואֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And Dawid and his men went up and raided the Geshuri, the Girzi, and the ʿAmaleqi, for they were inhabitants of the land from of old, as you go to Shur and as far as the land of Mitsrayim.
Morphology
- וַיַּ֤עַל (vayyaʿal) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he went up”; Notes: Indicates an ascent or movement.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו (vaʾanashav) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his men”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s warriors.
- וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ (vayyifshṭu) – Root: פשׁט (pashat); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they raided”; Notes: Describes a military attack.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Introduces the object of the attack.
- הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י (ha-Geshuri) – Root: גשורי (Geshuri); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the Geshuri”; Notes: Refers to an ancient people group.
- וְהַגִּרְזִי (ve-ha-Girzi) – Root: גרזי (Girzi); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the Girzi”; Notes: A less known ancient group.
- וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י (ve-ha-ʿAmaleqi) – Root: עמלק (ʿAmaleq); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the ʿAmaleqi”; Notes: Refers to the people of ʿAmaleq.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a reason.
- הֵ֜נָּה (henah) – Root: הן (hen); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, feminine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Refers to the preceding nations.
- יֹשְׁבֹ֤ות (yoshvot) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal participle feminine plural; Translation: “inhabiting”; Notes: Describes continuous habitation.
- הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾeretz); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the region occupied.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause.
- מֵֽעֹולָ֔ם (me-ʿolam) – Root: עולם (ʿolam); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “from of old”; Notes: Indicates long-standing habitation.
- בֹּואֲךָ֥ (boʾakha) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “as you go”; Notes: Describes a directional action.
- שׁ֖וּרָה (Shurah) – Root: שור (Shur); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shurah”; Notes: A geographical location.
- וְעַד־ (ve-ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “and as far as”; Notes: Marks an extent.
- אֶ֥רֶץ (ʾeretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾeretz); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “land”; Notes: Refers to a country.
- מִצְרָֽיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (Mitsrayim); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.