וַיָּ֨קֶם יְהוָ֤ה שָׂטָן֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֵ֖ת הֲדַ֣ד הָאֲדֹמִ֑י מִזֶּ֧רַע הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ ה֖וּא בֶּאֱדֹֽום׃
And YHWH raised up an adversary to Shelomo: Hadad the Edomi, he was from the seed of the king, in Edom.
Morphology
- וַיָּ֨קֶם (va-yaqem) – Root: קום (q.w.m); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He raised up”; Notes: Hifil gives causative sense—YHWH caused to arise.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- שָׂטָן֙ (satan) – Root: שׂטן (ś.t.n); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “adversary”; Notes: Not necessarily diabolical; here, a political enemy.
- לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה (li-Shelomoh) – Root: שלם (sh.l.m); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against Shelomoh” or “to Shelomoh”; Notes: Indicates the target of the adversary.
- אֵ֖ת (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Introduces the object “Hadad.”
- הֲדַ֣ד (Hadad) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Hadad”; Notes: Name of an Edomite prince.
- הָאֲדֹמִ֑י (ha-ʾAdomi) – Root: אדום (ʾ.d.w.m); Form: Definite gentilic adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “the Edomi”; Notes: Describes Hadad’s nationality.
- מִזֶּ֧רַע (mi-zeraʿ) – Root: זרע (z.r.ʿ); Form: Preposition + construct noun, masculine singular; Translation: “from the seed of”; Notes: Indicates lineage.
- הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך (m.l.k); Form: Definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to royal ancestry.
- ה֖וּא (hu) – Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Emphatic identification of Hadad.
- בֶּאֱדֹֽום (be-ʾEdom) – Root: אדום (ʾ.d.w.m); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Edom”; Notes: Geographical context.