וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְיֹ֤ות דָּוִד֙ אֶת־אֱדֹ֔ום בַּעֲלֹ֗ות יֹואָב֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א לְקַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַחֲלָלִ֑ים וַיַּ֥ךְ כָּל־זָכָ֖ר בֶּאֱדֹֽום׃
And it happened, when Dawid was in Edom, and Yoʾav the commander of the army went up to bury the slain, that he struck every male in Edom.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֗י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (h.y.h); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Narrative introduction indicating background.
- בִּֽהְיֹ֤ות (bi-heyyot) – Root: היה (h.y.h); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “when [he] was”; Notes: Temporal clause marker.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- אֶת־אֱדֹ֔ום (et-ʾEdom) – Root: אדום (ʾ.d.w.m); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “in Edom” (idiomatically understood as “being in Edom”); Notes: Refers to Dawid’s presence or military activity.
- בַּעֲלֹ֗ות (baʿalot) – Root: עלה (ʿ.l.h); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “when going up”; Notes: Coordinated temporal action with previous clause.
- יֹואָב֙ (Yoʾav) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Military commander under Dawid.
- שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א (sar ha-tsava) – Root: שר (ś.r) + צבא (ts.v.ʾ); Form: Construct phrase: “commander of the army”; Translation: “commander of the army”; Notes: Title and role of Yoʾav.
- לְקַבֵּ֖ר (le-qabber) – Root: קבר (q.b.r); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to bury”; Notes: Purpose of Yoʾav’s going up.
- אֶת־הַחֲלָלִ֑ים (et-ha-ḥalalim) – Root: חלל (ḥ.l.l); Form: Direct object marker + definite plural noun; Translation: “the slain”; Notes: Refers to those killed in battle.
- וַיַּ֥ךְ (va-yak) – Root: נכה (n.k.h); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he struck”; Notes: Refers to Yoʾav’s action.
- כָּל־זָכָ֖ר (kol-zakhar) – Root: זכר (z.k.r); Form: Noun phrase, masculine singular with “kol”; Translation: “every male”; Notes: Indicates totality of male population.
- בֶּאֱדֹֽום (be-ʾEdom) – Root: אדום (ʾ.d.w.m); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Edom”; Notes: Indicates geographic location of the massacre.