וְהִנֵּ֣ה נָבִ֣יא אֶחָ֗ד נִגַּשׁ֮ אֶל־אַחְאָ֣ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הְֽרָאִ֔יתָ אֵ֛ת כָּל־הֶהָמֹ֥ון הַגָּדֹ֖ול הַזֶּ֑ה הִנְנִ֨י נֹתְנֹ֤ו בְיָֽדְךָ֙ הַיֹּ֔ום וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
And behold, a certain prophet approached Aḥʾav king of Yisraʾel and said, “Thus says YHWH: Have you seen all this great multitude? Behold, I am giving it into your hand today, and you shall know that I am YHWH.”
Morphology
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinne) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Conjunction וְ with particle; Translation: “And behold”; Notes: Introduces a surprising or significant development.
- נָבִיא (naviʾ) – Root: נבא (naviʾ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “prophet”; Notes: A man delivering a divine message.
- אֶחָד (eḥad) – Root: אחד (eḥad); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Indicates an unspecified prophet among many.
- נִגַּשׁ (niggash) – Root: נגשׁ (nigash); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “approached”; Notes: Passive/reflexive movement toward Aḥʾav.
- אֶל־אַחְאָב (el-Aḥʾav) – Root: אחאב (Aḥʾav); Form: Preposition אֶל + proper noun; Translation: “to Aḥʾav”; Notes: Directs the prophetic message toward the king.
- מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל (melekh-Yisraʾel) – Root: מלך (melekh) + ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Construct chain; Translation: “king of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Official title of Aḥʾav.
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduces the prophet’s speech.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic present tense force (“says YHWH”).
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- הֲרָאִיתָ (haraʾita) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Have you seen”; Notes: Directs attention to the visible evidence.
- אֵת כָּל־הֶהָמון (et-kol-he-hamon) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Accusative marker אֶת + totality כָּל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “all the multitude”; Notes: Refers to Ben-Hadad’s massive army.
- הַגָּדוֹל (ha-gadol) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Emphasizes the overwhelming size of the force.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Deictic reference to what is before Aḥʾav’s eyes.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הנה (hinneh) + suffix; Form: Particle with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s imminent action personally.
- נֹתְנוֹ (noteno) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “giving it”; Notes: Ongoing divine action of delivering the enemy.
- בְיָדְךָ (be-yadekha) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “into your hand”; Notes: Symbol of victory and dominion.
- הַיּוֹם (ha-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “today”; Notes: Specifies immediacy of the divine intervention.
- וְיָדַעְתָּ (ve-yadaʿta) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with conjunction וְ; Translation: “and you shall know”; Notes: Result of the divine act will be recognition.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of what Aḥʾav will know.
- אֲנִי יְהוָה (ani YHWH) – Root: אנכי (anoki/ani) + יהוה (YHWH); Form: Independent pronoun + proper noun; Translation: “I am YHWH”; Notes: Stresses YHWH’s sovereignty and identity.