כִּי־ה֞וּא רֹדֶ֣ה בְּכָל־עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר מִתִּפְסַח֙ וְעַד־עַזָּ֔ה בְּכָל־מַלְכֵ֖י עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשָׁלֹ֗ום הָ֥יָה לֹ֛ו מִכָּל־עֲבָרָ֖יו מִסָּבִֽיב׃
For he ruled over all the region beyond the River, from Tifsa to ʿAzza, over all the kings beyond the River, and peace was his on all sides around him.
Morphology
- כִּי־ה֞וּא (ki-hu) – Root: כי, הוא; Form: Conjunction + pronoun; Translation: “For he”; Notes: Introduces a reason or explanation about Shelomoh’s rule.
- רֹדֶ֣ה (rodeh) – Root: רדה; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “ruling”; Notes: Describes continuous dominion or subjugation.
- בְּכָל־עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר (be-khol-ʿever ha-nahar) – Root: עבר, נהר; Form: Preposition + construct noun + definite noun; Translation: “over all the region beyond the River”; Notes: “The River” refers to the Euphrates.
- מִתִּפְסַח֙ (mi-Tifsah) – Root: תפסח; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Tifsah”; Notes: A northern border town, possibly Thapsacus on the Euphrates.
- וְעַד־עַזָּ֔ה (ve-ʿad-ʿAzzah) – Root: עד, עזה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and to ʿAzzah”; Notes: Southern border city (Gaza).
- בְּכָל־מַלְכֵ֖י עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר (be-khol-malkhei ʿever ha-nahar) – Root: מלך, עבר, נהר; Form: Preposition + construct plural noun + construct phrase; Translation: “over all the kings beyond the River”; Notes: Refers to subdued regional kings west of the Euphrates.
- וְשָׁלֹ֗ום (ve-shalom) – Root: שלום; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and peace”; Notes: Indicates national security and prosperity.
- הָ֥יָה (hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Copula linking Shelomoh and the state of peace.
- לֹ֛ו (lo) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition + 3ms pronominal suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to Shelomoh.
- מִכָּל־עֲבָרָ֖יו (mi-kol-ʿavaraiv) – Root: עבר; Form: Preposition + construct noun + 3ms suffix; Translation: “from all his surroundings”; Notes: Refers to regions around his kingdom.
- מִסָּבִֽיב (mi-saviv) – Root: סבב; Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “round about” or “on every side”; Notes: Emphasizes total surrounding peace.