אַתָּ֨ה יָדַ֜עְתָּ אֶת־דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֗י כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֗יִת לְשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו מִפְּנֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבָבֻ֑הוּ עַ֤ד תֵּת־יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֥וֹת רַגְלָֽו׃
“You know Dawid my father, that he was not able to build a house for the name of YHWH his God, because of the war that surrounded him, until YHWH put them under the soles of his feet.
Morphology
- אַתָּ֨ה (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Independent pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Subject of the verb “you know”.
- יָדַ֜עְתָּ (yadaʿta) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you knew”/”you know”; Notes: Indicates direct knowledge or familiarity.
- אֶת־דָּוִ֣ד (et-Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Direct object marker with proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Direct object of “you knew”.
- אָבִ֗י (avi) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my father”; Notes: Construct relationship with Dawid.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of knowledge.
- לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Used for simple negation.
- יָכֹל֙ (yakhol) – Root: יכל (yakhol); Form: Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he was able”; Notes: Denotes ability or capacity.
- לִבְנ֣וֹת (livnot) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to build”; Notes: Verb complements “was not able”.
- בַּ֗יִת (bayit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a house”; Notes: Direct object of “to build”.
- לְשֵׁם֙ (le-shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the name”; Notes: Expresses purpose or dedication.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהָ֔יו (Elohav) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his God”; Notes: Possessive suffix refers to Dawid.
- מִפְּנֵ֥י (mippenei) – Root: פן (panim); Form: Preposition from + construct plural; Translation: “because of” / “from before”; Notes: Introduces cause or circumstance.
- הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה (ha-milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular definite; Translation: “the war”; Notes: Definite noun in construct phrase.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- סְבָבֻ֑הוּ (sevaḇuhu) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “surrounded him”; Notes: Describes action of enemies surrounding Dawid.
- עַ֤ד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks the temporal limit of a condition.
- תֵּת־יְהוָה֙ (tet-YHWH) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Infinitive construct with subject YHWH; Translation: “YHWH put”; Notes: Infinitive as verbal noun introducing clause.
- אֹתָ֔ם (otam) – Root: את (et); Form: Definite direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s enemies.
- תַּ֖חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “under”; Notes: Indicates subjugation.
- כַּפּ֥וֹת (kappot) – Root: כף (kaf); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “soles”; Notes: In construct with “his feet”.
- רַגְלָֽיו (raglav) – Root: רגל (regel); Form: Noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his feet”; Notes: Refers to Dawid; idiom of complete victory or submission.