1 Samuel 14:20

וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק שָׁא֗וּל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתֹּ֔ו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה חֶ֤רֶב אִישׁ֙ בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ מְהוּמָ֖ה גְּדֹולָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃

And Shaʾul and all the people who were with him were summoned, and they came to the battle, and behold, the sword of each man was against his companion, a very great confusion.

Morphology

1. וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק (vayyizzaʿeq) – Root: זעק (zaʿaq); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he was summoned”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul and his forces being called to battle.
2. שָׁא֗וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, singular absolute; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
3. וְכָל־הָעָם֙ (ve-kol-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article and conjunction; Translation: “and all the people”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s army.
4. אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a clause describing the people.
5. אִתֹּ֔ו (itto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to those with Shaʾul.
6. וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ (vayyavoʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they came”; Notes: Movement towards battle.
7. עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה (ʿad-ha-milḥamah) – Root: מלחם (milḥamah); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute with definite article and preposition; Translation: “to the battle”; Notes: The battlefield.
8. וְהִנֵּ֨ה (ve-hinneh) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Draws attention.
9. הָיְתָ֜ה (hayetah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “there was”; Notes: A state of being.
10. חֶ֤רֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “sword”; Notes: A key weapon in battle.
11. אִישׁ֙ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “man”; Notes: Individual soldier.
12. בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ (be-reʿehu) – Root: רעה (reʿa); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against his companion”; Notes: Fighting among themselves.
13. מְהוּמָ֖ה (mehumah) – Root: הום (hum); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “confusion”; Notes: A chaotic situation.
14. גְּדֹולָ֥ה (gedolah) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Intensity of confusion.
15. מְאֹֽד׃ (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Strengthens the description.