וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֑וּא וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד־הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ ס
And a man of Yisraʾel drew near on that day, and Shaʾul adjured the people, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats bread until evening, and I have avenged myself on my enemies.” So none of the people tasted bread.
Morphology
- וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל (ve-ʾish-Yisraʾel) – Root: איש (ʾish) + ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “And a man of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to an individual or representative of the people.
- נִגַּ֖שׂ (niggash) – Root: נגש (niggash); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “drew near”; Notes: Indicates an approach.
- בַּיֹּ֣ום (ba-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article and preposition; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Temporal reference.
- הַה֑וּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Specifies the day.
- וַיֹּאֶל֩ (vayyōʾel) – Root: יאל (yaʾal); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he adjured”; Notes: Expresses a solemn oath.
- שָׁא֨וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, singular absolute; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶת־הָעָ֜ם (et-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article and direct object marker; Translation: “the people”; Notes: The object of Shaʾul’s adjuration.
- לֵאמֹ֗ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- אָר֣וּר (ʾarur) – Root: ארר (ʾarar); Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Cursed”; Notes: Pronouncing a curse.
- הָ֠אִישׁ (ha-ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the man”; Notes: The subject of the curse.
- אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֨אכַל (ʾasher-yoʾkhal) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “who eats”; Notes: Conditional clause.
- לֶ֜חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Symbol of food.
- עַד־הָעֶ֗רֶב (ʿad-haʿerev) – Root: ערב (ʿerev); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition and definite article; Translation: “until evening”; Notes: Time limit of the oath.
- וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ (ve-niqqamti) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Nifal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I have avenged”; Notes: Expresses intention of vengeance.
- מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י (me-ʾoyevai) – Root: אויב (ʾoyev); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “on my enemies”; Notes: Identifies the adversaries.
- וְלֹֽא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Denies the following action.
- טָעַ֥ם (taʿam) – Root: טעם (taʿam); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “tasted”; Notes: Refers to the act of eating.
- כָּל־הָעָ֖ם (kol-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “all the people”; Notes: Indicates total abstention.
- לָֽחֶם׃ (laḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Object of the verb “tasted.”