וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל לִקְרַ֥את שָׁא֖וּל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִשְׁמוּאֵ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר בָּֽא־שָׁא֤וּל הַכַּרְמֶ֨לָה֙ וְהִנֵּ֨ה מַצִּ֥יב לֹו֙ יָ֔ד וַיִּסֹּב֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר וַיֵּ֖רֶד הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃
And Shemuʾel arose early to meet Shaʾul in the morning. And it was told to Shemuʾel, saying, “Shaʾul has gone to the Karmel, and behold, he has set up a monument for himself, and he has turned and passed on, and he has gone down to the Gilgal.”
Morphology
- וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם (vayyashkem) – Root: שׁכם (shakam); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he arose early”; Notes: Indicates early morning action.
- שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל (Shemuʾel) – Root: שמואל (Shemuʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Shemuʾel”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- לִקְרַ֥את (liqrat) – Root: קרה (qara); Form: Preposition with Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to meet”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of Shemuʾel’s action.
- שָׁא֖וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: The one Shemuʾel was seeking.
- בַּבֹּ֑קֶר (ba-boqer) – Root: בקר (boqer); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: Specifies the time.
- וַיֻּגַּ֨ד (vayyuggad) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hofal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was told”; Notes: Passive verb indicating a report.
- לִשְׁמוּאֵ֜ל (li-Shemuʾel) – Root: שמואל (Shemuʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “to Shemuʾel”; Notes: The recipient of the report.
- לֵאמֹ֗ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- בָּֽא־שָׁא֤וּל (ba-Shaʾul) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Shaʾul has come”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s arrival.
- הַכַּרְמֶ֨לָה֙ (ha-Karmelah) – Root: כרמל (Karmel); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular, definite; Translation: “to the Karmel”; Notes: Refers to a specific place.
- וְהִנֵּ֨ה (ve-hinneh) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Draws attention to the following detail.
- מַצִּ֥יב (matsiv) – Root: נצב (natsav); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “he has set up”; Notes: Action of erecting something.
- לֹו֙ (lo) – Root: לו (lo); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for himself”; Notes: Shows possession.
- יָ֔ד (yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “a monument”; Notes: Refers to a physical structure.
- וַיִּסֹּב֙ (vayyisov) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he turned”; Notes: Indicates movement.
- וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר (vayyaʿavor) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he passed on”; Notes: Continuation of movement.
- וַיֵּ֖רֶד (vayyered) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went down”; Notes: Movement toward a lower place.
- הַגִּלְגָּֽל (ha-Gilgal) – Root: גלגל (Gilgal); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “to the Gilgal”; Notes: A well-known biblical location.