אֶת־מִ֤י חֵרַ֨פְתָּ֙ וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֖י הֲרִימֹ֣ותָ קֹּ֑ול וַתִּשָּׂ֥א מָרֹ֛ום עֵינֶ֖יךָ עַל־קְדֹ֥ושׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Whom have you reproached and blasphemed? And against whom have you raised your voice and lifted up your eyes on high? Against the Holy One of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- אֶת־מִ֤י (et-mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Direct object marker + interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Whom”; Notes: Introduces the rhetorical question accusing the blasphemer.
- חֵרַ֨פְתָּ֙ (ḥeraphta) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “have you reproached”; Notes: Intensified verb of contempt or insult.
- וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ (ve-giddafta) – Root: גדף (gadef); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and have you blasphemed”; Notes: Typically used for defiant speech against the divine.
- וְעַל־מִ֖י (ve-ʿal-mi) – Root: על (ʿal), מי (mi); Form: Conjunction + preposition + interrogative pronoun; Translation: “and against whom”; Notes: Parallel construction to emphasize defiance.
- הֲרִימֹ֣ותָ (harimota) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “have you raised”; Notes: Refers to lifted voice—an image of arrogance.
- קֹּ֑ול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “voice”; Notes: Object of “raised,” denoting defiant speech.
- וַתִּשָּׂ֥א (va-tissa) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and have you lifted up”; Notes: Continues the expression of pride.
- מָרֹ֛ום (marom) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “on high”; Notes: Describes the haughty elevation of the eyes.
- עֵינֶ֖יךָ (eineikha) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your eyes”; Notes: Object of the lifting—metaphor for arrogance or scorn.
- עַל־קְדֹ֥ושׁ (ʿal-Qedosh) – Root: קדשׁ (qadosh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “against the Holy One”; Notes: Refers to the sanctity of YHWH.
- יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה (sarah) + אל (ʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Identifies the Holy One as the God of the nation.