וַיַּ֣עַל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־יְהוָ֡ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָה֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אִתֹּ֗ו וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לְמִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּדֹ֑ול וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית הַנִּמְצָ֖א בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃
And the king went up to the House of YHWH, and all the men of Yehuda and all the inhabitants of Yerushalayim with him, and the priests and the prophets and all the people, from the least to the greatest; and he read in their ears all the words of the scroll of the covenant that was found in the House of YHWH.
Morphology
- וַיַּ֣עַל (va-yaʿal) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he went up”; Notes: Refers to ascension to a holy place, i.e., the Temple.
- הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Subject of the action, likely King Yoshiyahu.
- בֵּית־יְהוָ֡ה (beit-YHWH) – Root: בית; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “the House of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the Temple in Yerushalayim.
- וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָה֩ (ve-khol-ish Yehudah) – Root: אישׁ, יהודה; Form: Conjunction + noun construct phrase + proper noun; Translation: “and all the men of Yehudah”; Notes: The king is accompanied by the populace.
- וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם (ve-khol-yoshvei Yerushalayim) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Construct participle + proper noun; Translation: “and all the inhabitants of Yerushalayim”; Notes: Includes everyone dwelling in the city.
- אִתֹּ֗ו (itto) – Root: את; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to those accompanying the king.
- וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ (ve-ha-kohanim) – Root: כהן; Form: Conjunction + definite masculine plural noun; Translation: “and the priests”; Notes: Religious leaders in the Temple.
- וְהַנְּבִיאִ֔ים (ve-ha-neviʾim) – Root: נבא; Form: Conjunction + definite masculine plural noun; Translation: “and the prophets”; Notes: Prophetic figures involved in religious renewal.
- וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם (ve-khol-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + construct phrase; Translation: “and all the people”; Notes: Encompasses the whole population.
- לְמִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּדֹ֑ול (mi-qaṭon ve-ʿad-gadol) – Root: קטן, גדל; Form: Prepositional phrase; Translation: “from the least to the greatest”; Notes: Expression of inclusivity across social ranks.
- וַיִּקְרָ֣א (va-yiqra) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he read”; Notes: The king reads aloud the sacred text.
- בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם (be-ozneihem) – Root: אוזן; Form: Preposition + plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in their ears”; Notes: Hebrew idiom for “in their hearing.”
- אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית (et-kol-divrei sefer ha-berit) – Root: דבר, ספר, ברית; Form: Direct object marker + construct chain; Translation: “all the words of the scroll of the covenant”; Notes: Refers to the Torah scroll found earlier.
- הַנִּמְצָ֖א (ha-nimtza) – Root: מצא; Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “that was found”; Notes: Passive form indicating discovery.
- בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה (be-veit YHWH) – Root: בית; Form: Preposition + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “in the House of YHWH”; Notes: The Temple is the location of the scroll’s discovery.