וּבְנֵ֨י עַמֹּ֤ון רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֲבִישַׁ֔י וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֣שָׁב יֹואָ֗ב מֵעַל֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
And the sons of ʿAmmon saw that Aram had fled, and they fled from before Avishai and entered the city; and Yoʾav returned from against the sons of ʿAmmon and came to Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- וּבְנֵ֨י (u-venei) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Conjunction + construct masculine plural; Translation: “and the sons of”; Notes: Introduces the subject.
- עַמֹּ֤ון (ʿAmmon) – Root: עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿAmmon”; Notes: Nation opposing Yisraʾel.
- רָאוּ֙ (raʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they saw”; Notes: Marks realization by the ʿAmmonites.
- כִּי־נָ֣ס (ki-nas) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “that [he] had fled”; Notes: Refers to Aram retreating.
- אֲרָ֔ם (Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: Syrian forces allied with ʿAmmon.
- וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ֙ (vayyanusu) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they fled”; Notes: Reaction of ʿAmmon to Aram’s retreat.
- מִפְּנֵ֣י (mippenei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “from before”; Notes: Indicates fear or tactical retreat.
- אֲבִישַׁ֔י (Avishai) – Root: אבישי (Avishai); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Avishai”; Notes: Brother of Yoʾav, commander of part of the army.
- וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ (vayyavoʾu) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they entered”; Notes: The ʿAmmonites retreated into their city.
- הָעִ֑יר (ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Likely Rabbah, the capital of ʿAmmon.
- וַיָּ֣שָׁב (vayyashav) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he returned”; Notes: Refers to Yoʾav’s withdrawal.
- יֹואָ֗ב (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב (Yoʾav); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Commander of the Israelite army.
- מֵעַל֙ (meʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with prefix mem; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Denotes removal or withdrawal from a position.
- בְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון (benei ʿAmmon) – Root: בן (ben), עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “sons of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Enemy forces Yoʾav had opposed.
- וַיָּבֹ֖א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he came”; Notes: Marks return journey’s conclusion.
- יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Capital city of Yisraʾel.