וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאֹות֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שֹׁובַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָאֹ֛ו הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃
And Aram fled from before Yisraʾel, and Dawid struck down from Aram seven hundred chariots and forty thousand horsemen, and Shovakh the commander of his army he struck, and he died there.
Morphology
- וַיָּ֣נָס (vayyanas) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And [he] fled”; Notes: Refers to Aram retreating.
- אֲרָם (Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: Subject of the verb; Syrian army.
- מִפְּנֵ֣י (mippenei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition + construct plural noun; Translation: “from before”; Notes: Indicates flight in fear.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite army.
- וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג (vayyahărog) – Root: הרג (harag); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and [he] struck down”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s military action.
- דָּוִד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מֵאֲרָם (me-Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Aram”; Notes: Indicates the enemy being struck.
- שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאֹות֙ (shevaʿ meʾot) – Roots: שבע (shevaʿ), מאה (meʾah); Form: Number phrase; Translation: “seven hundred”; Notes: Quantity of chariots destroyed.
- רֶכֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rekhev); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “chariot”; Notes: Collective term, often meaning “chariotry”.
- וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים (ve-arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (arbaʿ); Form: Conjunction + numeral masculine plural; Translation: “and forty”; Notes: Additional military losses.
- אֶלֶף (elef) – Root: אלף (elef); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “thousand”; Notes: Used with number forty.
- פָּרָשִׁים (parashim) – Root: פרשׁ (parash); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “horsemen”; Notes: Cavalry troops.
- וְאֵ֨ת (ve-et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + definite direct object marker; Translation: “and [he also]”; Notes: Introduces another object of the verb.
- שֹׁובַךְ (Shovakh) – Root: שׁובך (Shovakh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shovakh”; Notes: Aramean military commander.
- שַׂר־צְבָאֹו (sar-tzevaʾo) – Roots: שר (sar), צבא (tzeva); Form: Construct noun + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “commander of his army”; Notes: Title of Shovakh under Hadadʿezer.
- הִכָּה (hikkah) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he struck”; Notes: Strong, possibly fatal blow.
- וַיָּמָת (vayyamat) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he died”; Notes: Immediate result of the blow.
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates place of death.