וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לֹ֗ו אַל־אָחִי֙ אַל־תְּעַנֵּ֔נִי כִּ֛י לֹא־יֵֽעָשֶׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אַֽל־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃
And she said to him, “No, my brother, do not violate me, for such a thing is not done in Yisraʾel; do not do this disgraceful deed.
Morphology
- וַתֹּ֣אמֶר (va-toʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- לֹ֗ו (lo) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Dative pronoun indicating recipient of speech.
- אַל־אָחִי֙ (ʾal-aḥi) – Root: אל (ʾal) + אח (ʾaḥ); Form: Negative particle + noun masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “No, my brother”; Notes: Appeal to kinship to deter action.
- אַל־תְּעַנֵּ֔נִי (ʾal-teʿanneini) – Root: ענה (ʿinah); Form: Piel jussive 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “do not violate me”; Notes: Strong plea; Piel intensifies the action.
- כִּ֛י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a reason.
- לֹא־יֵֽעָשֶׂ֥ה (lo-yeʿaʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is not done”; Notes: Passive form expressing an action contrary to norms.
- כֵ֖ן (ken) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “such”; Notes: Refers to the action previously described.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (be-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation, implying national standards of conduct.
- אַל־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה (ʾal-taʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal jussive 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “do not do”; Notes: Direct prohibition.
- אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה (et-ha-nevalah) – Root: נבל (naval); Form: Accusative particle + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “this disgraceful deed”; Notes: Refers to moral outrage or indecency.
- הַזֹּֽאת (hazot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative adjective feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies the previous noun to emphasize specificity.