וַיָּבֹ֣א כָל־הָעָ֗ם לְהַבְרֹ֧ות אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד לֶ֖חֶם בְּעֹ֣וד הַיֹּ֑ום וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע דָּוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י אִם־לִפְנֵ֧י בֹֽוא־הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֶטְעַם־לֶ֖חֶם אֹ֥ו כָל־מְאֽוּמָה׃
And all the people came to cause Dawid to eat bread while it was still day, but Dawid swore, saying, “Thus may God do to me and thus may He add, if before the going of the sun I taste bread or anything at all.”
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹ֣א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular); Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Refers collectively to “all the people.”
- כָל־הָעָ֗ם (kol-haʿam) – Root: כל / עם; Form: Construct + definite noun; Translation: “all the people”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- לְהַבְרֹ֧ות (le-havrot) – Root: ברא or ברה; Form: Infinitive construct, Hifil; Translation: “to cause to eat” or “refresh”; Notes: Idiomatically refers to offering food during mourning.
- אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד (et-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Object of the verb “to cause to eat.”
- לֶ֖חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Refers to food in general.
- בְּעֹ֣וד (beʿod) – Root: עוד; Form: Preposition + noun; Translation: “while still”; Notes: Indicates time context.
- הַיֹּ֑ום (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Completes time expression.
- וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע (vayyishavaʿ) – Root: שבע; Form: Wayyiqtol (Nifal imperfect 3rd masculine singular); Translation: “And he swore”; Notes: Formal oath formula.
- דָּוִ֜ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the oath.
- לֵאמֹ֗ר (lemor) – Root: אמר; Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- כֹּ֣ה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Begins oath formula.
- יַעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י (yaʿaseh-li) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “may He do to me”; Notes: Invokes divine punishment.
- אֱלֹהִים֙ (Elohim) – Root: אלה; Form: Proper noun, plural form; Translation: “Elohim”; Notes: Subject of the verb in oath formula.
- וְכֹ֣ה (ve-koh) – Root: כה; Form: Conjunction + demonstrative adverb; Translation: “and thus”; Notes: Parallel structure in the oath.
- יֹסִ֔יף (yosif) – Root: יסף; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “may He add”; Notes: Further intensifies the oath.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “if”; Notes: Conditional clause begins here.
- אִם־לִפְנֵ֧י (im-lifnei) – Root: אם / פנה; Form: Conditional particle + preposition; Translation: “if before”; Notes: Sets temporal condition.
- בֹֽוא־הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ (vo-ha-shemesh) – Root: בוא / שמש; Form: Infinitive construct + noun with article; Translation: “the going of the sun”; Notes: Refers to sunset.
- אֶטְעַם־לֶ֖חֶם (etʿam-leḥem) – Root: טעם / לחם; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular + noun; Translation: “I taste bread”; Notes: Verb of action + object.
- אֹ֥ו (o) – Root: או; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “or”; Notes: Introduces alternative.
- כָל־מְאֽוּמָה (kol-meʾumah) – Root: מאום; Form: Construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “anything at all”; Notes: Emphatic expression of total abstinence.