וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים כִּי־מָשְׁח֨וּ אֶת־דָּוִ֤ד לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ כָל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל־הַמְּצוּדָֽה׃
And the Pelishtim heard that they had anointed Dawid as king over Yisraʾel, and all the Pelishtim went up to seek Dawid; and Dawid heard and went down to the stronghold.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ (vayyishmeʿu) – Root: שמע; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3mp); Translation: “And they heard”; Notes: Refers to the Pelishtim.
- פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Pelishtim”; Notes: The Philistines, long-time enemies of Yisraʾel.
- כִּי־מָשְׁח֨וּ (ki-masheḥu) – Root: משׁח; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “that they had anointed”; Notes: Refers to the crowning of Dawid.
- אֶת־דָּוִ֤ד (et-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Definite direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Object of the anointing.
- לְמֶ֨לֶךְ (le-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “as king”; Notes: Designates office.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Nation over whom Dawid reigns.
- וַיַּעֲל֥וּ (vayyaʿalu) – Root: עלה; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3mp); Translation: “and they went up”; Notes: Movement of the Pelishtim.
- כָל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (khol-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Noun with collective; Translation: “all the Pelishtim”; Notes: Emphasizes total military action.
- לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ (levaqqesh) – Root: בקשׁ; Form: Infinitive construct (Piel); Translation: “to seek”; Notes: Likely in hostile intent.
- אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד (et-Dawid) – As above; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Object of the pursuit.
- וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע (vayyishmaʿ) – Root: שמע; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “and he heard”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
- דָּוִ֔ד (Dawid) – As above; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- וַיֵּ֖רֶד (vayyéred) – Root: ירד; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “and he went down”; Notes: Physical movement downward.
- אֶל־הַמְּצוּדָֽה (el-ha-metsudah) – Root: מצד; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the stronghold”; Notes: A fortified refuge, likely a military position.