וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֧ה מַלְאָכִ֛ים מִקָּדֵ֖שׁ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱדֹ֑ום כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אָחִ֣יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְצָאָֽתְנוּ׃
And Moshe sent messengers from Qadesh to the king of Edom: “Thus says your brother Yisra’el: You know all the hardship that has befallen us.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח (vayyishlach) – Root: שלח (shalach); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he sent”; Notes: Refers to Moshe sending messengers.
- מֹשֶׁ֧ה (Moshe) – Root: משה (Moshe); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The leader of Yisra’el.
- מַלְאָכִ֛ים (mal’akhim) – Root: מלאך (mal’akh); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “messengers”; Notes: Refers to envoys sent on behalf of Moshe.
- מִקָּדֵ֖שׁ (miqqadesh) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Preposition with noun, proper name; Translation: “from Qadesh”; Notes: Refers to the location from which the messengers were sent.
- אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ (el-melekh) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the king”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of the message.
- אֱדֹ֑ום (Edom) – Root: אדם (edom); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation descended from Esau.
- כֹּ֤ה (ko) – Root: כה (ko); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces the content of the message.
- אָמַר֙ (amar) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Indicates direct speech.
- אָחִ֣יךָ (achikha) – Root: אח (ach); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your brother”; Notes: Refers to the familial relationship between Yisra’el and Edom.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- אַתָּ֣ה (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Addresses the king of Edom directly.
- יָדַ֔עְתָּ (yadata) – Root: ידע (yada); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “know”; Notes: Refers to the king’s knowledge of their hardships.
- אֵ֥ת (et) – Root: את (et); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “the”; Notes: Marks the direct object of the verb.
- כָּל־הַתְּלָאָ֖ה (kol-hatela’ah) – Root: תלא (tala); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with definite article; Translation: “all the hardship”; Notes: Refers to the difficulties faced by Yisra’el.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing the hardship.
- מְצָאָֽתְנוּ׃ (metza’atnu) – Root: מצא (matza); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “has befallen us”; Notes: Refers to the trials experienced by the Israelites.