וַיִּפְנ֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ הָעַ֨י אַחֲרֵיהֶ֜ם וַיִּרְא֗וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָלָ֜ה עֲשַׁ֤ן הָעִיר֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם יָדַ֛יִם לָנ֖וּס הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה וְהָעָם֙ הַנָּ֣ס הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר נֶהְפַּ֖ךְ אֶל־הָרֹודֵֽף׃
And the men of ʿAi turned after them and saw, and behold, the smoke of the city ascended to the heavens, and there was no strength in them to flee this way or that way, and the people who fled to the wilderness turned back against the pursuers.
Morphology
- וַיִּפְנ֣וּ (vayyifnu) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they turned”; Notes: Refers to the men of Haʿay turning their attention.
- אַנְשֵׁי֩ (ʾanshei) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the men of”; Notes: Refers to the inhabitants of Haʿay.
- הָעַ֨י (haʿay) – Root: עי (ʿay); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “Haʿay”; Notes: The city involved in the battle.
- אַחֲרֵיהֶ֜ם (aḥareihem) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “after them”; Notes: Indicates the pursuit.
- וַיִּרְא֗וּ (vayyirʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they saw”; Notes: Perception by the men of Haʿay.
- וְהִנֵּ֨ה (ve-hinneh) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Draws attention to the scene.
- עָלָ֜ה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “ascended”; Notes: Describes the rising smoke.
- עֲשַׁ֤ן (ʿashan) – Root: עשן (ʿashan); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “smoke”; Notes: Refers to the burning city.
- הָעִיר֙ (haʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Refers to Haʿay.
- הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה (ha-shamaymah) – Root: שמים (shamayim); Form: Noun, masculine dual with directional suffix; Translation: “to the heavens”; Notes: Indicates the direction of the smoke.
- וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה (ve-lo-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with negative particle; Translation: “and there was not”; Notes: Denotes absence.
- בָהֶ֥ם (vahem) – Root: בה (bah) + הם (hem); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in them”; Notes: Refers to the men of Haʿay.
- יָדַ֛יִם (yadayim) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine dual; Translation: “strength” (lit. “hands”); Notes: Figuratively indicates power or ability.
- לָנוּס (lanus) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to flee”; Notes: Describes the action they were unable to perform.
- הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה (henah va-henah) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “this way or that way”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- וְהָעָם֙ (ve-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel.
- הַנָּ֣ס (ha-nas) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “who fled”; Notes: Describes the fleeing people.
- הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר (ha-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the wilderness”; Notes: Direction of their initial flight.
- נֶהְפַּ֖ךְ (nehpakh) – Root: הפך (hafakh); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “turned back”; Notes: Indicates reversal of action.
- אֶל־הָרֹודֵֽף׃ (el-ha-rodef) – Root: רדף (radaf); Form: Participle, masculine singular with preposition and definite article; Translation: “against the pursuer”; Notes: Refers to the men of Haʿay pursuing Yisraʾel.