וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהֹושֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהֹושֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And Yisraʾel served YHWH all the days of Yehoshua, and all the days of the elders who prolonged their days after Yehoshua, and who had known all the work of YHWH which He had done for Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד (vayyaʿavod) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he/they served”; Notes: Refers to Yisra’el collectively serving YHWH.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (Yisra’el) – Root: ישראל (Yisra’el); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Yisra’el.
- אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה (et-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun with definite direct object marker; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Indicates that Yisra’el served YHWH.
- כֹּ֖ל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, singular absolute; Translation: “all”; Notes: Modifies “the days of Yehoshua.”
- יְמֵ֣י (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Construct form indicating possession.
- יְהֹושֻׁ֑עַ (Yehoshua) – Root: יהושע (Yehoshua); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers to Joshua, the leader of Yisra’el.
- וְכֹ֣ל (ve-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, singular absolute with conjunction; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Introduces the next clause.
- יְמֵ֣י (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Construct form referring to the elders.
- הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים (ha-zekenim) – Root: זקן (zaqen); Form: Noun, masculine plural definite; Translation: “the elders”; Notes: Refers to the leaders who survived Yehoshua.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
- הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ (he’erikhu) – Root: ארך (arakh); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they prolonged”; Notes: Describes the elders who lived long after Yehoshua.
- יָמִים֙ (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to their extended lifespan.
- אַחֲרֵ֣י (acharei) – Root: אחר (achar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates the time following Yehoshua’s life.
- יְהֹושֻׁ֔עַ (Yehoshua) – Root: יהושע (Yehoshua); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers again to Joshua.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר (va-asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun with conjunction; Translation: “and who”; Notes: Continues the description of the elders.
- יָדְע֗וּ (yadʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they knew”; Notes: Indicates direct knowledge of YHWH’s deeds.
- אֵ֚ת (et) – Root: את (et); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks “all the work of YHWH” as the object.
- כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה (kol-maʿaseh) – Root: מעשה (maʿaseh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “all the work of”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s deeds.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine actions.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces another clause.
- עָשָׂ֖ה (ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He did”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s actions.
- לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל (le-Yisra’el) – Root: ישראל (Yisra’el); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “for Yisra’el”; Notes: Specifies that YHWH performed these acts for the benefit of Yisra’el.