וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־עָלָ֧ה בַקָּהָ֛ל מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּי֩ הַשְּׁבוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדֹולָ֜ה הָיְתָ֗ה לַ֠אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָלָ֨ה אֶל־יְהוָ֧ה הַמִּצְפָּ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃
And the sons of Yisraʾel said, “Who is there among all the tribes of Yisraʾel who did not come up in the assembly to YHWH?” For the great oath had been made concerning the one who did not come up to YHWH at the Mitzpa, saying, “He shall surely be put to death.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ (vayyomru) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they said”; Notes: Refers to the collective speech of the people of Yisraʾel.
- בְּנֵ֣י (bene) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “sons of”; Notes: Indicates lineage.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Yisraʾel.
- מִ֠י (mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- לֹא־עָלָ֧ה (lo-ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with negation; Translation: “did not come up”; Notes: Refers to the failure to attend the assembly.
- בַקָּהָ֛ל (baqahal) – Root: קהל (qahal); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the assembly”; Notes: Refers to the gathering of Yisraʾel.
- מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י (mikkol-shivtei) – Root: שבט (shevet); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “from all the tribes of”; Notes: Refers to the different groups within Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Repeats reference to the nation.
- אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה (el-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates divine gathering.
- כִּי֩ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a reason.
- הַשְּׁבוּעָ֨ה (hashshevuʿah) – Root: שבע (shavaʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the oath”; Notes: Refers to a binding promise.
- הַגְּדֹולָ֜ה (haggdolah) – Root: גדל (gadol); Form: Adjective, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Describes the magnitude of the oath.
- הָיְתָ֗ה (hayetah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “had been”; Notes: Indicates a past action.
- לַ֠אֲשֶׁר (la-asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun with preposition; Translation: “concerning the one who”; Notes: Introduces the condition.
- לֹא־עָלָ֨ה (lo-ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with negation; Translation: “did not come up”; Notes: Repeats the action of non-attendance.
- אֶל־יְהוָ֧ה (el-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Specifies the divine gathering.
- הַמִּצְפָּ֛ה (hammitzpah) – Root: מצפה (mitzpah); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “at the Mitzpah”; Notes: Refers to the location of the gathering.
- לֵאמֹ֖ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces a direct statement.
- מֹ֥ות (mot) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “death”; Notes: Indicates the consequence.
- יוּמָֽת׃ (yumat) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Hofal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall surely be put to death”; Notes: Expresses a divine decree.