וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃
And it came to pass in those days that the Pelishtim gathered their armies together to fight against Yisraʾel. And Akhish said to Dawid, “You surely know that you will go out with me in the army, you and your men.”
Morphology
- וַֽיְהִי֙ (vayehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces a new event or situation.
- בַּיָּמִ֣ים (ba-yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “in those days”; Notes: Refers to a specific time period.
- הָהֵ֔ם (ha-hem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “those”; Notes: Specifies a particular time frame.
- וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ (vayikbetzu) – Root: קבץ (qavats); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they gathered”; Notes: Indicates an assembling action.
- פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשתי (Pelishti); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks “their armies” as the direct object.
- מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ (maḥanehem) – Root: מחנה (maḥaneh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their armies”; Notes: Refers to the collective military units of the Pelishtim.
- לַצָּבָ֔א (la-tsava) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Indicates purpose or intention.
- לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם (le-hilachem) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Describes the action of engaging in battle.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (be-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “against Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel.
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces Aḵish’s speech.
- אָכִישׁ (Aḵish) – Root: אכיש (Aḵish); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aḵish”; Notes: The Philistine king.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the recipient of the action.
- דָּוִ֔ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: The subject of the action.
- יָדֹ֣עַ (yaḏaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You surely know”; Notes: Indicates certainty in Aḵish’s statement.
- תֵּדַ֗ע (tedaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you will know”; Notes: A continuation of Aḵish’s assertion of certainty.
- כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a purpose or explanation.
- אִתִּי֙ (itti) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “with me”; Notes: Indicates Aḵish’s assumption about Dawid’s loyalty.
- תֵּצֵ֣א (tetse) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you will go out”; Notes: Refers to Dawid and his men going out with Aḵish in battle.
- בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה (ba-maḥaneh) – Root: מחנה (maḥaneh); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “in the army”; Notes: Indicates the place where the action will take place.
- אַתָּ֖ה (attah) – Root: אתה (atta); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Directly addresses Dawid.
- וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ (va-anashaykha) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your men”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s followers.