1 Kings 20:12

וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֨עַ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְה֥וּא שֹׁתֶ֛ה ה֥וּא וְהַמְּלָכִ֖ים בַּסֻּכֹּ֑ות וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ שִׂ֔ימוּ וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ עַל־הָעִֽיר׃

And it happened when he heard this word, and he was drinking, he and the kings in the booths, that he said to his servants, “Set yourselves!” And they set themselves against the city.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Introduces a new narrative event.
2. כִּשְׁמֹעַ (kishmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition כְּ with Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “when he heard”; Notes: Temporal clause introducing the circumstances of the action.
3. אֶת־הַדָּבָר (et-ha-davar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Accusative marker אֶת with definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “this word”; Notes: Refers to the message from Aḥʾav.
4. הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “word.”
5. וְהוּא (ve-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun; Translation: “and he”; Notes: Stresses the subject (Ben-Hadad).
6. שֹׁתֶה (shoteh) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “was drinking”; Notes: Indicates ongoing action at the time of hearing the message.
7. הוּא וְהַמְּלָכִים (hu ve-ha-melakhim) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Conjunction וְ with definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “he and the kings”; Notes: Refers to Ben-Hadad and the allied kings.
8. בַּסֻּכּוֹת (ba-sukkot) – Root: סכה (sukkah); Form: Preposition בְּ with definite plural noun; Translation: “in the booths”; Notes: Temporary shelters or pavilions used during siege or campaigns.
9. וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Continuation of Ben-Hadad’s actions.
10. אֶל־עֲבָדָיו (el-avadav) – Root: עבד (ʿeved); Form: Preposition אֶל with noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his servants”; Notes: Command directed to his immediate forces.
11. שִׂימוּ (simu) – Root: שום (sum); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Set yourselves”; Notes: Command to prepare for an attack or battle position.
12. וַיָּשִׂימוּ (va-yasimu) – Root: שום (sum); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they set themselves”; Notes: Immediate obedient action by the forces.
13. עַל־הָעִיר (ʿal-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition עַל with definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “against the city”; Notes: Refers to Shomron, the besieged capital of Yisraʾel.