וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֚עַן כִּ֤י גָֽבְהוּ֙ בְּנֹ֣ות צִיֹּ֔ון וַתֵּלַ֨כְנָה֙ נְטוּיֹ֣ות גָּרֹ֔ון וּֽמְשַׂקְּרֹ֖ות עֵינָ֑יִם הָלֹ֤וךְ וְטָפֹף֙ תֵּלַ֔כְנָה וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ן תְּעַכַּֽסְנָה׃
And YHWH said, “Because the daughters of Tsiyon are haughty and walk with outstretched necks and flirting eyes, walking and mincing as they go, and with their feet they tinkle.
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Marks divine speech from YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker and judge of the following declaration.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: עון; Form: Preposition; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the judgment.
- כִּי (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Connects to the causal phrase.
- גָבְהוּ (gavhu) – Root: גבה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they are haughty” or “they have become proud”; Notes: Refers to arrogance in bearing or attitude.
- בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן (benot Tsiyon) – Root: בת, ציון; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “the daughters of Tsiyon”; Notes: Represents the women of Yerushalayim, or metaphorically the whole city.
- וַתֵּלַכְנָה (va-telekhna) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “and they walk”; Notes: Highlights their proud, ostentatious behavior.
- נְטוּיֹות גָּרוֹן (netuyot garon) – Root: נטה, גרון; Form: Participle feminine plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with outstretched necks”; Notes: Implies pride and exaggerated posture.
- וּמְשַׂקְּרוֹת (u-mesakkerot) – Root: שׂקר; Form: Piel participle feminine plural; Translation: “and flirting” or “ogling”; Notes: Suggests seductive glances.
- עֵינַיִם (einayim) – Root: עין; Form: Noun feminine dual; Translation: “eyes”; Notes: Instrument of their flirtatious behavior.
- הָלוֹךְ וְטָפוֹף (halokh ve-tafof) – Root: הלך, טפף; Form: Infinitive absolute + infinitive absolute; Translation: “walking and mincing”; Notes: Expresses continuous, affected movement.
- תֵּלַכְנָה (telekhna) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “they go”; Notes: Reinforces the habitual action of arrogant walking.
- וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶן (u-viragleihen) – Root: רגל; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural with 3rd person feminine plural suffix; Translation: “and with their feet”; Notes: Indicates instrument of the final action.
- תְּעַכַּסְנָה (teʿakkasnah) – Root: עכס; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “they tinkle” or “they clink”; Notes: Refers to ornamented anklets or steps causing a sound, suggesting vanity.