מַלָּכֶם֙ תְּדַכְּא֣וּ עַמִּ֔י וּפְנֵ֥י עֲנִיִּ֖ים תִּטְחָ֑נוּ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֹֽות׃ ס
* כ : מַלָּכֶם֙
* ק : מה־לָּכֶם֙
“Your rulers crush My people, and the face of the poor you grind,” utterance of the Lord YHWH of Hosts.
מַה־לָּכֶם֙ תְּדַכְּא֣וּ עַמִּ֔י וּפְנֵ֥י עֲנִיִּ֖ים תִּטְחָ֑נוּ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֹֽות׃ ס
“What is with you that you crush My people and grind the face of the poor?” utterance of the Lord YHWH of Hosts.
Morphology
- מַלְכְּכֶם (malkekhem) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your rulers”; Notes: Refers to leaders or authorities over the people.
- תְּדַכְּאוּ (tedakkeʾu) – Root: דכא; Form: Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you crush”; Notes: A strong verb of oppression or violence.
- עַמִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם; Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My people”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s personal claim and concern.
- וּפְנֵי (u-penei) – Root: פנה; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the face of”; Notes: Represents the presence or dignity of a person.
- עֲנִיִּים (ʿaniyyim) – Root: ענה; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “the poor”; Notes: Vulnerable class in society; often exploited.
- תִּטְחָנוּ (titḥanu) – Root: טחן; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you grind”; Notes: Implies humiliation, extreme oppression, or crushing them as with grain.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “utterance of”; Notes: Formal prophetic declaration formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Refers to divine authority.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאוֹת (tzevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural in construct; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Title denoting divine military sovereignty and might.