הִנֵּ֤ה יֹום־יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲרֹ֣ון אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה׃
Behold, the day of YHWH comes, cruel, and with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation, and He will destroy its sinners from it.
Morphology
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: נה; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Introduces an emphatic or alarming declaration.
- יֹום־יְהוָה (yom-YHWH) – Root: יום + יהוה; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “the day of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the time of divine intervention, judgment, or deliverance.
- בָּא (ba) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “comes”; Notes: Prophetic perfect, describing future as certain.
- אַכְזָרִי (ʾakhzari) – Root: אכזר (ʾakhzār); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “cruel”; Notes: Highlights the severity of the judgment.
- וְעֶבְרָה (ve-ʿevrah) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and wrath”; Notes: Refers to intense anger, often in divine context.
- וַחֲרֹון (va-ḥaron) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and fierce anger”; Notes: Intensifies the emotional force of divine retribution.
- אָף (ʾaf) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “anger”; Notes: Often used idiomatically as “nose” for rage, combined with “ḥaron” for emphasis.
- לָשׂוּם (la-sum) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “to make”; Notes: Expresses purpose or result.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Often refers to the land of Yisraʾel or the earth in general.
- לְשַׁמָּה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to desolation”; Notes: Destruction so severe it leaves the land deserted.
- וְחַטָּאֶיהָ (ve-ḥattaʾeha) – Root: חטא (ḥataʾ); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and her sinners”; Notes: Refers to the guilty inhabitants of the land.
- יַשְׁמִיד (yashmid) – Root: שׁמד (shamad); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He will destroy”; Notes: A causative verb indicating complete eradication.
- מִמֶּנָּה (mimmenah) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “from it”; Notes: Refers back to “the land.”