Isaiah 13:14

וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמֹּו֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצֹ֖ו יָנֽוּסוּ׃

And it shall be like a hunted gazelle, and like sheep with none to gather them; every man shall turn to his own people, and every man shall flee to his own land.

 

Morphology

  1. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunctive vav; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Introduces the result of the previous judgment.
  2. כִּצְבִי (ki-tsevi) – Root: צבי (tsevi); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a gazelle”; Notes: Symbol of swiftness and vulnerability.
  3. מֻדָּח (muddaḥ) – Root: נדח (nadach); Form: Pual participle masculine singular; Translation: “hunted” or “driven away”; Notes: Passive participle conveying forceful dispersion.
  4. וּכְצֹאן (u-ke-tson) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine/feminine singular (collective); Translation: “and like sheep”; Notes: Collective noun for sheep or flock.
  5. וְאֵין (ve-ein) – Root: Negative existential; Form: Conjunction + particle; Translation: “and there is none”; Notes: Introduces absence.
  6. מְקַבֵּץ (meqabetz) – Root: קבץ (qavats); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “gathering”; Notes: Refers to a shepherd-like figure; none are present to collect the scattered sheep.
  7. אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man” or “each man”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis in parallelism.
  8. אֶל־עַמּוֹ (el-ʿammo) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his people”; Notes: Indicates return or seeking refuge among kin.
  9. יִפְנוּ (yifnu) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall turn”; Notes: Turning directionally or metaphorically.
  10. וְאִישׁ (ve-ʾish) – Root: איש; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and every man”; Notes: Continues the parallel construction.
  11. אֶל־אַרְצֹו (el-artso) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his land”; Notes: Indicates national or geographical homeland.
  12. יָנֻסוּ (yanusu) – Root: נוס (nus); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall flee”; Notes: Common verb for escaping danger or judgment.

 

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