הַיֹּשֵׁב֙ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את יָמ֕וּת בַּחֶ֖רֶב וּבָרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר וְהַיֹּוצֵא֩ וְנָפַ֨ל עַל־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֜ים הַצָּרִ֤ים עֲלֵיכֶם֙ יִֽחְיֶה וְהָֽיְתָה־לֹּ֥ו נַפְשֹׁ֖ו לְשָׁלָֽל׃
The one who dwells in this city shall die by the sword, and by famine, and by pestilence; but the one who goes out and falls to the Kasdim who are besieging you shall live, and his life shall be to him for spoil.
Morphology
- הַיֹּשֵׁב (hayyoshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal active participle, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the one who dwells”; Notes: Describes the one currently remaining in the city.
- בָּעִיר (baʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Preposition + definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “in the city”; Notes: Definite by article ה.
- הַזֹּאת (hazzoʾt) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “city.”
- יָמוּת (yamut) – Root: מות; Form: Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall die”; Notes: Predicts the fate of those remaining.
- בַּחֶרֶב (baḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “by the sword”; Notes: Indicates one mode of destruction.
- וּבָרָעָב (uva-raʿav) – Root: רעב; Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and by famine”; Notes: Additional threat of judgment.
- וּבַדָּבֶר (uva-daver) – Root: דבר; Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and by pestilence”; Notes: Another form of divine judgment.
- וְהַיֹּוצֵא (ve-hayyotseʾ) – Root: יצא; Form: Conjunction + Qal active participle, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “but the one who goes out”; Notes: Opposed to “the one who dwells.”
- וְנָפַל (vena-fal) – Root: נפל; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and falls”; Notes: Consequential action of going out.
- עַל־הַכַּשְׂדִּים (ʿal-haKasdim) – Root: כשׂד; Form: Preposition + definite plural proper noun; Translation: “to the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Chaldeans.
- הַצָּרִים (hatsarim) – Root: צרר; Form: Definite participle, masculine plural; Translation: “who are besieging”; Notes: Describes the Chaldeans’ action.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿalekhem) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Direct object of the siege.
- יִחְיֶה (yiḥyeh) – Root: חיה; Form: Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall live”; Notes: Outcome for the one who surrenders.
- וְהָיְתָה־לֹּו (ve-hayetah lo) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and it shall be to him”; Notes: Refers to possession of his life.
- נַפְשׁוֹ (nafsho) – Root: נפשׁ; Form: Noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his life”; Notes: Subject of the preceding verb.
- לְשָׁלָל (le-shalal) – Root: שלל; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “for spoil”; Notes: Expresses that his life will be spared as a kind of plunder.