לָכֵ֗ן יְיֵלִ֥יל מֹואָ֛ב לְמֹואָ֖ב כֻּלֹּ֣ה יְיֵלִ֑יל לַאֲשִׁישֵׁ֧י קִיר־חֲרֶ֛שֶׂת תֶּהְגּ֖וּ אַךְ־נְכָאִֽים׃
Therefore Moʾav shall wail for Moʾav, all of it shall wail; for the raisin-cakes of Qir-ḥareset you shall moan, utterly stricken.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces the result or consequence of the preceding verse.
- יְיֵלִיל (yeylil) – Root: ילל (yalal); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall wail”; Notes: Repeated verb for emphasis; an expression of deep mourning.
- מוֹאָב (Moʾav) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: Both subject and object of mourning—Moʾav mourns for itself.
- לְמוֹאָב (le-Moʾav) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “for Moʾav”; Notes: Clarifies the target of lamentation.
- כֻּלֹּה (kullō) – Root: כלל (kalal); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all of it”; Notes: Totality of Moʾav joins in mourning.
- יְיֵלִיל (yeylil) – Root: ילל (yalal); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular (repeated); Translation: “it shall wail”; Notes: Emphasizes repeated national grief.
- לַאֲשִׁישֵׁי (laʾashishe) – Root: אשׁשׁ (ʾashash); Form: Preposition + construct plural noun masculine; Translation: “for the raisin-cakes of”; Notes: Luxury item or symbol of prosperity, now mourned.
- קִיר־חֲרֶשֶׂת (Qir-ḥareset) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “Qir-ḥareset” or “Wall of Earthenware”; Notes: A fortified city of Moʾav.
- תֶּהְגּוּ (tehgu) – Root: הגה (haga); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall moan”; Notes: Describes low, grieving sounds.
- אַךְ (ʾakh) – Root: –; Form: Adverb; Translation: “surely” or “utterly”; Notes: Emphasizes the intensity or certainty of the condition.
- נְכָאִים (nekaʾim) – Root: נכא (naka); Form: Nifal participle masculine plural; Translation: “stricken” or “wounded”; Notes: Indicates deep affliction or being smitten with grief.