Jeremiah 6:4

קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה ק֖וּמוּ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה בַֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם אֹ֥וי לָ֨נוּ֙ כִּי־פָנָ֣ה הַיֹּ֔ום כִּ֥י יִנָּט֖וּ צִלְלֵי־עָֽרֶב׃

Sanctify war against her, arise and let us go up at noon! Woe to us, for the day has turned, for the shadows of evening are stretched out.

 

Morphology

  1. קַדְּשׁוּ (qaddeshu) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Piel imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Sanctify”; Notes: Refers to consecrating or initiating warfare with ritual significance.
  2. עָלֶ֨יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against her”; Notes: The object of the attack, likely referring to Tsiyon or Yerushalayim.
  3. מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “war”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “sanctify.”
  4. ק֖וּמוּ (qumu) – Root: קום; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Arise”; Notes: Call to action and movement.
  5. וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה (ve-naʿaleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and let us go up”; Notes: Typical language for marching or attacking a city on elevated ground.
  6. בַֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם (ba-tsohorayim) – Root: צהר; Form: Preposition בְּ + dual noun masculine; Translation: “at noon”; Notes: Unusual time for battle; likely ironic or emphasizing urgency.
  7. אֹ֥וי (oy) – Root: Interjection; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: Expresses lament or distress.
  8. לָ֨נוּ (lanu) – Root: ל + אנחנו; Form: Preposition + 1st person plural pronoun; Translation: “to us”; Notes: Completes the lament “Woe to us.”
  9. כִּי־פָנָ֣ה (ki-phanah) – Root: פנה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for [it] has turned”; Notes: Refers to the progression of the day, toward evening.
  10. הַיֹּום (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Time reference indicating delay or missed opportunity.
  11. כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a second explanatory clause.
  12. יִנָּט֖וּ (yinnatu) – Root: נטה; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “are stretched out”; Notes: Passive or reflexive action describing the lengthening of shadows.
  13. צִלְלֵי־עָֽרֶב (tsillei-ʿarev) – Root: צלל, ערב; Form: Construct phrase: noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “shadows of evening”; Notes: A poetic image signaling the approach of darkness and lateness of the hour.

 

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