חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־עָֽשְׂתָה֙ סְדֹ֣ם אֲחֹותֵ֔ךְ הִ֖יא וּבְנֹותֶ֑יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ית אַ֖תְּ וּבְנֹותָֽיִךְ׃
As I live,” declares the Lord YHWH, “Sedom your sister, she and her daughters, has not done as you and your daughters have done.
Morphology
- חַי־אָ֗נִי (ḥai-ʾani) – Root: חיה; Form: Participle masculine singular + independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “As I live”; Notes: A solemn oath formula used by YHWH.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: —; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance / declaration”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing YHWH’s speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Plural of majesty with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Reverential title for YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of Israel’s God.
- אִם־עָשְׂתָה (ʾim-ʿaseta) – Root: עשה; Form: Conditional particle + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “if … has done”; Notes: Here carries emphatic sense of denial, “has not done.”
- סְדֹם (Sedom) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Sedom (Sodom)”; Notes: Sister city used proverbially.
- אֲחֹותֵךְ (aḥotekh) – Root: אחות; Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your sister”; Notes: Kinship metaphor for relationship of cities.
- הִיא (hi) – Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “she”; Notes: Reinforces the subject Sedom.
- וּבְנֹותֶיהָ (u-venoteha) – Root: בת; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and her daughters”; Notes: Refers to dependent towns or settlements.
- כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka-ʾasher) – Form: Preposition + relative particle; Translation: “as / according to what”; Notes: Introduces comparison.
- עָשִׂית (ʿasit) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you have done”; Notes: Direct address to Jerusalem.
- אַתְּ (ʾat) – Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphasizes the subject of the verb.
- וּבְנֹותָיִךְ (u-venotayikh) – Root: בת; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and your daughters”; Notes: Refers to towns or dependent communities associated with Jerusalem.