נָֽפְלָה֙ לֹֽא־תֹוסִ֣יף ק֔וּם בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִטְּשָׁ֥ה עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖הּ אֵ֥ין מְקִימָֽהּ׃
“She has fallen, she shall no more rise, the virgin of Yisraʾel; she is forsaken upon her land, there is none to raise her up.”
Morphology
- נָפְלָה (naflah) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “She has fallen”; Notes: Expresses completed action describing Yisraʾel’s downfall as final and irreversible.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “no”; Notes: Used to negate the following verb “shall rise.”
- תֹוסִיף (tosif) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall again”; Notes: Combined with “rise,” the phrase means “shall no more rise.” Indicates cessation or finality.
- קוּם (qum) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal infinitive; Translation: “to rise”; Notes: Serves as the infinitive complement to “shall no more add.” Expresses restoration that will not occur.
- בְּתוּלַת (be-tulat) – Root: בתל (betulah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “virgin of”; Notes: Metaphorically depicts Yisraʾel as a young maiden—once pure and now fallen.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom; personified as a fallen virgin in lament.
- נִטְּשָׁה (nitteshah) – Root: נטשׁ (natash); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she is forsaken”; Notes: Passive form implying that Yisraʾel has been abandoned by allies or by YHWH.
- עַל־אַדְמָתָהּ (ʿal-admatah) – Root: אדמה (adamah); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular + suffix 3fs; Translation: “upon her land”; Notes: Indicates her fallen state within her own territory, not in exile but in ruin at home.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: —; Form: Particle of nonexistence; Translation: “there is none”; Notes: Negates the existence of anyone capable of restoration.
- מְקִימָהּ (meqimah) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular + suffix 3fs; Translation: “to raise her up”; Notes: Expresses the absence of any who might restore Yisraʾel’s fallen state—no savior or rescuer remains.