Amos 5:3

כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הָעִ֛יר הַיֹּצֵ֥את אֶ֖לֶף תַּשְׁאִ֣יר מֵאָ֑ה וְהַיֹּוצֵ֥את מֵאָ֛ה תַּשְׁאִ֥יר עֲשָׂרָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

For thus says the Lord YHWH: “The city that goes out a thousand shall leave a hundred, and the one that goes out a hundred shall leave ten for the house of Yisraʾel.”

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason or explanation for the preceding statement.
2. כֹה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Common prophetic formula introducing a divine oracle.
3. אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has said”; Notes: Used in prophetic speech formulas to declare divine words.
4. אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title of divine sovereignty often paired with YHWH to express majesty.
5. יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hvh); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God, the speaker of the oracle.
6. הָעִיר (ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Refers generally to a city in Yisraʾel affected by divine judgment.
7. הַיֹּצֵאת (ha-yotseʾt) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Definite participle feminine singular; Translation: “that goes out”; Notes: Describes the city’s military mobilization or departure for battle.
8. אֶלֶף (ʾelef) – Root: אלף (ʾelef); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a thousand”; Notes: Denotes the original number of those departing, symbolizing strength.
9. תַּשְׁאִיר (tashʾir) – Root: שׁאר (shaʾar); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall leave”; Notes: Indicates a small remnant left after destruction or battle.
10. מֵאָה (meʾah) – Root: מא (meʾah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a hundred”; Notes: Represents a tenth of the original thousand, showing massive loss.
11. וְהַיֹּוצֵאת (ve-ha-yotseʾt) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite participle feminine singular; Translation: “and the one that goes out”; Notes: Continues the parallel numerical comparison.
12. מֵאָה (meʾah) – Root: מא (meʾah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a hundred”; Notes: Starting number in the second comparison; reduced in following clause.
13. תַּשְׁאִיר (tashʾir) – Root: שׁאר (shaʾar); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall leave”; Notes: Repeated verb for poetic symmetry, emphasizing the tiny surviving remnant.
14. עֲשָׂרָה (ʿasarah) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “ten”; Notes: A tithe-like fraction showing only one in ten remain, underscoring devastation.
15. לְבֵית (le-beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “for the house of”; Notes: Indicates relation or direction toward Yisraʾel, marking the target of divine decree.
16. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom, the covenant people now facing reduction and judgment.