לָ֭מָּה רָגְשׁ֣וּ גֹויִ֑ם וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים יֶהְגּוּ־רִֽיק׃
Why have nations raged, and peoples muttered emptiness?
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לָמָּה | lammah | “why” | Interrogative adverb |
| 2 | רָגְשׁוּ | rageshu | “have raged” | Qal Perfect 3mp |
| 3 | גֹויִם | goyim | “nations” | N(mp) |
| 4 | וּלְאֻמִּים | u-leʾummim | “and peoples” | Conj וְ + N(mp) |
| 5 | יֶהְגּוּ | yehgu | “they mutter” | Qal Imperfect 3mp |
| 6 | רִיק | riq | “emptiness” | N(ms) |
Morphology
- לָמָּה (lammah) – Root: מה (m-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- רָגְשׁוּ (rageshu) – Root: רגשׁ (r-g-š); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have raged”; Notes: Expresses tumultuous agitation.
- גֹויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (g-w-y); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Refers to Gentile peoples.
- וּלְאֻמִּים (u-leʾummim) – Root: לאם (l-ʾ-m); Root Type: I-Aleph (weak); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “and peoples”; Notes: Parallel to גֹויִם.
- יֶהְגּוּ (yehgu) – Root: הגה (h-g-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they mutter”; Notes: Can denote meditation or murmuring, here ironic.
- רִיק (riq) – Root: ריק (r-y-q); Root Type: Hollow (II-Yod); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “emptiness”; Notes: Indicates futility or vanity of their plotting.