כַּלֵּ֥ה בְחֵמָה֮ כַּלֵּ֪ה וְֽאֵ֫ינֵ֥מֹו וְֽיֵדְע֗וּ כִּֽי־֭אֱלֹהִים מֹשֵׁ֣ל בְּיַעֲקֹ֑ב לְאַפְסֵ֖י הָאָ֣רֶץ סֶֽלָה׃
Consume in wrath, consume, so that they are no more, and let them know that God rules in Yaʿaqov, to the ends of the earth. Sela.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כַּלֵּה | kalleh | “consume” | Piel imperative ms |
| 2 | בְחֵמָה | beḥemah | “in wrath” | Prep בְּ + N(fs) |
| 3 | כַּלֵּה | kalleh | “consume” | Piel imperative ms |
| 4 | וְאֵינֵמוֹ | ve-ʾeinemo | “and they are no more” | Conj + negative existential + suff 3mp |
| 5 | וְיֵדְעוּ | ve-yedeʿu | “and let them know” | Qal yiqtol 3mp (jussive) |
| 6 | כִּי | ki | “that” | Conjunction |
| 7 | אֱלֹהִים | ʾElohim | “God” | N(mp form; singular sense) |
| 8 | מֹשֵׁל | moshel | “ruling” | Qal active participle ms |
| 9 | בְּיַעֲקֹב | be-Yaʿaqov | “in Yaʿaqov” | Prep בְּ + Proper noun |
| 10 | לְאַפְסֵי | le-ʾafsei | “to the ends of” | Prep לְ + N(mp construct) |
| 11 | הָאָרֶץ | ha-ʾarets | “the earth” | Def. art. הַ + N(fs) |
| 12 | סֶלָה | selah | “Selah” | Liturgical marker |
Morphology
- כַּלֵּה (kalleh) – Root: כלה (k-l-h); Root Type: III-He; Binyan: Piel; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Consume”; Notes: An emphatic command calling upon God to bring complete destruction.
- בְחֵמָה (beḥemah) – Root: חמה (ḥ-m-h); Root Type: III-He; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “In wrath”; Notes: Expresses the manner or sphere in which the consuming judgment is to occur.
- כַּלֵּה (kalleh) – Root: כלה (k-l-h); Root Type: III-He; Binyan: Piel; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Consume”; Notes: The repetition intensifies the petition for decisive judgment.
- וְאֵינֵמוֹ (ve-ʾeinemo) – Root: אין (ʾ-y-n); Root Type: Particle; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative existential particle + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “So that they are no more”; Notes: The suffix refers to the enemies, expressing their complete disappearance.
- וְיֵדְעוּ (ve-yedeʿu) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וְ + yiqtol (jussive sense) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And let them know”; Notes: The imperfect functions as a jussive expressing the desired result of God’s judgment.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Root Type: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces the content of what the nations are to recognize.
- אֱלֹהִים (ʾElohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: III-He; Form: Noun masculine plural in form, functioning as a singular proper designation; Translation: “God”; Notes: Although morphologically plural, it refers to the one God of Yisraʾel.
- מֹשֵׁל (moshel) – Root: משׁל (m-sh-l); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Active participle masculine singular; Translation: “Ruling”; Notes: Describes God’s continual and ongoing sovereign rule.
- בְּיַעֲקֹב (be-Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב (Yaʿaqov); Root Type: Proper noun; Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “In Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Yaʿaqov represents the covenant people over whom God reigns.
- לְאַפְסֵי (le-ʾafsei) – Root: אפס (ʾ-p-s); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “To the ends of”; Notes: The construct requires the following noun to complete its meaning.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Definite article הַ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “The earth”; Notes: Completes the construct phrase “the ends of the earth,” emphasizing God’s universal rule.
- סֶלָה (selah) – Root: Uncertain; Root Type: Uncertain; Form: Liturgical or musical marker; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Probably indicates a pause, musical interlude, or moment for reflective emphasis within the psalm.