Psalm 59:12 (Psalm 59:11)

אַל־תַּהַרְגֵ֤ם פֶּן־יִשְׁכְּח֬וּ עַמִּ֗י הֲנִיעֵ֣מֹו בְ֭חֵילְךָ וְהֹורִידֵ֑מֹו מָֽגִנֵּ֣נוּ אֲדֹנָֽי׃

Do not kill them, lest my people forget. Make them wander by your strength, and bring them down, O our shield, Lord.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 אַל ʾal “do not” Negative particle
2 תַּהַרְגֵם tahargem “you kill them” Qal yiqtol 2ms + suff 3mp
3 פֶּן pen “lest” Negative conjunction
4 יִשְׁכְּחוּ yishkeḥu “they forget” Qal yiqtol 3mp
5 עַמִּי ʿammi “my people” N(ms) + suff 1cs
6 הֲנִיעֵמוֹ haniʿemo “make them wander” Hifil imperative ms + suff 3mp
7 בְחֵילְךָ veḥeilekha “by your strength” Prep בְּ + N(ms) + suff 2ms
8 וְהֹורִידֵמוֹ ve-horidemo “and bring them down” Hifil imperative ms + suff 3mp
9 מָגִנֵּנוּ maginnenu “our shield” N(ms) + suff 1cp
10 אֲדֹנָי ʾAdonai “Lord” Divine title

Morphology

  1. אַל (ʾal) – Root: אל (ʾal); Root Type: Particle, non-verbal; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Do not”; Notes: Used with an imperfect verb to express prohibition.
  2. תַּהַרְגֵם (tahargem) – Root: הרג (h-r-g); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Yiqtol (imperfect) 2nd person masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “You kill them”; Notes: Addressed directly to God with the negative particle אַל, expressing a prohibition.
  3. פֶּן (pen) – Root: פן (pen); Root Type: Particle, non-verbal; Form: Negative conjunction; Translation: “Lest”; Notes: Introduces the undesirable consequence that would follow.
  4. יִשְׁכְּחוּ (yishkeḥu) – Root: שׁכח (sh-k-ḥ); Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Yiqtol (imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They forget”; Notes: Refers to the people forgetting God’s judgment if the enemies are destroyed too quickly.
  5. עַמִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “My people”; Notes: The possessive suffix identifies the covenant community.
  6. הֲנִיעֵמוֹ (haniʿemo) – Root: נוע (n-w-ʿ); Root Type: Hollow; Binyan: Hifil; Form: Imperative masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “Make them wander”; Notes: The causative Hifil requests that God make the enemies wander instead of destroying them immediately.
  7. בְחֵילְךָ (veḥeilekha) – Root: חיל (ḥ-y-l); Root Type: Hollow; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “By your strength”; Notes: The preposition indicates the means by which God acts.
  8. וְהֹורִידֵמוֹ (ve-horidemo) – Root: ירד (y-r-d); Root Type: I-Yod; Binyan: Hifil; Form: Conjunction וְ + imperative masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And bring them down”; Notes: The Hifil expresses causing the enemies to be brought low or humbled.
  9. מָגִנֵּנוּ (maginnenu) – Root: גנן (g-n-n); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “Our shield”; Notes: A metaphorical title for God as the protector of his people.
  10. אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾ-d-n); Root Type: Strong; Form: Divine title, masculine plural of majesty used as a singular proper title; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: A reverential title addressing the God of Yisraʾel. It is read in place of the Tetragrammaton where appropriate in Jewish tradition, though here it appears as the written form.

 

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