כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמֹ֨ור אֹו־שֹׁ֥ור אֹו־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אֹו־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אֹו־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃
If a man gives to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies, is injured, or is driven away without anyone seeing it:
Morphology
- כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ (ki-yitten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “If a man gives”; Notes: Introduces a conditional case.
- אִ֨ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ (el-reʿehu) – Root: רע (r-ʿ); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “To his neighbor”; Notes: Indicates the recipient.
- חֲמֹ֨ור (ḥamor) – Root: חמור (ḥ-m-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A donkey”; Notes: First item in the list of animals.
- אֹו־שֹׁ֥ור (o-shor) – Root: שור (sh-w-r); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Or an ox”; Notes: Adds another example.
- אֹו־שֶׂ֛ה (o-seh) – Root: שה (s-h); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Or a sheep”; Notes: Continues the list.
- וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה (vechol-behemah) – Root: בהמה (b-h-m-h); Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Or any animal”; Notes: Generalizes the case.
- לִשְׁמֹ֑ר (lishmor) – Root: שמר (sh-m-r); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “To keep”; Notes: Purpose of giving the animal.
- וּמֵ֛ת (u-met) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “And it dies”; Notes: Describes a potential outcome.
- אֹו־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר (o-nishbar) – Root: שבר (sh-b-r); Form: Conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Or it is injured”; Notes: Another possible outcome.
- אֹו־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה (o-nishbah) – Root: שבה (sh-b-h); Form: Conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Or it is driven away”; Notes: Indicates loss or theft.
- אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה (ein roʾeh) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Negative particle + participle, Qal masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Without anyone seeing it”; Notes: Absence of witnesses.