Deuteronomy 1:16

וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם צֶ֔דֶק בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֹֽו׃

And I commanded your judges at that time, saying: ‘Hear between your brothers, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, or the foreigner with him.

Morphology

1. וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ (vaʾatzavveh) – Root: צוה (ṣwh); Form: Piel imperfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And I commanded”; Notes: Indicates Moshe issuing a command.
2. אֶת־שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם (ʾet-shofteikhem) – Root: שפט (špṭ); Form: Accusative particle + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your judges”; Notes: Refers to appointed leaders responsible for justice.
3. בָּעֵ֥ת (baʿet) – Root: עת (ʿt); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “at the time”; Notes: Specifies the moment of the command.
4. הַהִ֖וא (hahiʾu) – Root: הוא (hwʾ); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers to a specific past time.
5. לֵאמֹ֑ר (leʾmor) – Root: אמר (ʾmr); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
6. שָׁמֹ֤עַ (shamoaʿ) – Root: שמע (šmʿ); Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “Hear”; Notes: Emphasizes the importance of listening.
7. בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ (bein-aḥeikhem) – Root: בין (byn) + אח (ʾḥ); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “between your brothers”; Notes: Refers to disputes among Israelites.
8. וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם (uʾshefattem) – Root: שפט (špṭ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and judge”; Notes: Refers to delivering judgments.
9. צֶ֔דֶק (tzedek) – Root: צדק (ṣdq); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “righteousness”; Notes: Specifies the nature of the judgment.
10. בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ (bein-ish) – Root: בין (byn) + איש (ʾyš); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “between a man”; Notes: Indicates parties involved in disputes.
11. וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו (uvein-aḥiv) – Root: בין (byn) + אח (ʾḥ); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his brother”; Notes: Adds the familial aspect of disputes.
12. וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֹֽו׃ (uvein-gero) – Root: בין (byn) + גר (gr); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and the foreigner with him”; Notes: Includes disputes involving non-Israelites residing among them.