Deuteronomy 1:15

וָאֶקַּ֞ח אֶת־רָאשֵׁ֣י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁ֤ים חֲכָמִים֙ וִֽידֻעִ֔ים וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם רָאשִׁ֖ים עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם שָׂרֵ֨י אֲלָפִ֜ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י מֵאֹ֗ות וְשָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת וְשֹׁטְרִ֖ים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶֽם׃

And I took the heads of your tribes, wise and known men, and appointed them as heads over you, commanders of thousands, commanders of hundreds, commanders of fifties, commanders of tens, and officers for your tribes.

Morphology

1. וָאֶקַּ֞ח (vaʾeqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (lqḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And I took”; Notes: Refers to Moshe taking action to appoint leaders.
2. אֶת־רָאשֵׁ֣י (ʾet-rashei) – Root: ראש (rʾš); Form: Accusative particle + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the heads of”; Notes: Refers to the leaders of the tribes.
3. שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֗ם (shivteikhem) – Root: שבט (šbṭ); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your tribes”; Notes: Indicates the tribes of Yisra’el.
4. אֲנָשִׁ֤ים (ʾanashim) – Root: איש (ʾyš); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “men”; Notes: Describes the individuals chosen.
5. חֲכָמִים֙ (ḥakhamim) – Root: חכם (ḥkm); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “wise”; Notes: Denotes their wisdom.
6. וִֽידֻעִ֔ים (viduʿim) – Root: ידע (ydʿ); Form: Passive participle, masculine plural; Translation: “and known”; Notes: Emphasizes their reputation.
7. וָאֶתֵּ֥ן (vaʾetten) – Root: נתן (ntn); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I appointed”; Notes: Refers to Moshe’s action of appointing leaders.
8. אֹתָ֛ם (otam) – Root: את (ʾt); Form: Accusative particle with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Direct object of the verb.
9. רָאשִׁ֖ים (rashim) – Root: ראש (rʾš); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “heads”; Notes: Leaders or chiefs.
10. עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על (ʿl); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Refers to their leadership role.
11. שָׂרֵ֨י (sarei) – Root: שר (śr); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “commanders of”; Notes: Describes their military or administrative rank.
12. אֲלָפִ֜ים (ʾalafim) – Root: אלף (ʾlp); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “thousands”; Notes: Indicates the unit size.
13. וְשָׂרֵ֣י (vesarei) – Root: שר (śr); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and commanders of”; Notes: Continues the list of ranks.
14. מֵאֹ֗ות (meʾot) – Root: מאה (mʾh); Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “hundreds”; Notes: A smaller unit size.
15. וְשָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ (vesarei ḥamishim) – Root: שר (śr) + חמש (ḥmš); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and commanders of fifties”; Notes: Even smaller units.
16. וְשָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת (vesarei ʿasarot) – Root: שר (śr) + עשר (ʿśr); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and commanders of tens”; Notes: The smallest unit.
17. וְשֹׁטְרִ֖ים (veshotrim) – Root: שוטר (šṭr); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “and officers”; Notes: Administrators or enforcers.
18. לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶֽם (leshivteikhem) – Root: שבט (šbṭ); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for your tribes”; Notes: Indicates tribal organization.