וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ לְחֵ֨יל מִצְרַ֜יִם לְסוּסָ֣יו וּלְרִכְבֹּ֗ו אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵצִ֜יף אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם בְּרָדְפָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיְאַבְּדֵ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּֽה׃
And what He did to the army of Mitsrayim, to their horses and their chariots, how He made the waters of the Sea of Suf overflow upon them as they pursued after you, and YHWH destroyed them to this day.
Morphology
- וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר (va-asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction with relative pronoun; Translation: “And what”; Notes: Introduces a clause describing what YHWH did.
- עָשָׂה֩ (ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He did”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s actions.
- לְחֵ֨יל (le-ḥeil) – Root: חיל (ḥeil); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “to the army of”; Notes: Refers to the military forces of Egypt.
- מִצְרַ֜יִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (mitsar); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
- לְסוּסָ֣יו (le-susav) – Root: סוס (sus); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition; Translation: “to their horses”; Notes: Refers to the cavalry of Egypt.
- וּלְרִכְבֹּ֗ו (u-le-rikhbo) – Root: רכב (rekhev); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and conjunction; Translation: “and to their chariots”; Notes: Refers to the chariotry of Egypt.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “how”; Notes: Introduces the description of YHWH’s actions.
- הֵצִ֜יף (hetsif) – Root: צוף (tsuf); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He made overflow”; Notes: Refers to the act of flooding the sea over the Egyptians.
- אֶת־מֵ֤י (et-mei) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with direct object marker; Translation: “the waters of”; Notes: Refers to the waters of the Sea of Suf.
- יַם־סוּף֙ (Yam-Suf) – Root: ים (yam) + סוף (suf); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “the Sea of Suf”; Notes: Refers to the Red Sea.
- עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם (ʿal-peneihem) – Root: פנה (paneh); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with preposition and 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Refers to the Egyptians being overwhelmed by the waters.
- בְּרָדְפָ֖ם (be-radfam) – Root: רדף (radaf); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition and 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “as they pursued”; Notes: Refers to the Egyptians’ pursuit of the Israelites.
- אַחֲרֵיכֶ֑ם (achareikhem) – Root: אחר (ʾachar); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “after you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites being pursued by the Egyptians.
- וַיְאַבְּדֵ֣ם (va-yeabbedem) – Root: אבד (ʾabad); Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix (wayyiqtol); Translation: “and He destroyed them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s complete destruction of the Egyptians.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God, subject of the action.
- עַ֖ד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates the extent of the action.
- הַיֹּ֥ום (ha-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “this day”; Notes: Refers to the present time of the speaker.
- הַזֶּֽה׃ (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Emphasizes the current relevance of YHWH’s deeds.