וְזֶה֮ דְּבַ֣ר הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ שָׁמֹ֗וט כָּל־בַּ֨עַל֙ מַשֵּׁ֣ה יָדֹ֔ו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַשֶּׁ֖ה בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ לֹֽא־יִגֹּ֤שׂ אֶת־רֵעֵ֨הוּ֙ וְאֶת־אָחִ֔יו כִּֽי־קָרָ֥א שְׁמִטָּ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃
And this is the matter of the release: Every creditor shall release what he has lent to his neighbor; he shall not demand it from his neighbor or his brother, because it has been proclaimed a release to YHWH.
Morphology
- וְזֶה֮ (ve-zeh) – Root: זה; Form: conjunction with demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “and this”; Notes: Introduces the subject of the release.
- דְּבַ֣ר (de-var) – Root: דבר; Form: noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “matter of”; Notes: Refers to the content or command regarding the release.
- הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ (ha-shemittah) – Root: שמט; Form: noun, feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the release”; Notes: Refers to the sabbatical release of debts.
- שָׁמֹ֗וט (sha-mot) – Root: שמט; Form: verb, Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “release”; Notes: Serves as an emphatic directive regarding debt cancellation.
- כָּל־בַּ֨עַל֙ (kol-baʿal) – Root: בעל; Form: noun, masculine singular construct with “all”; Translation: “every owner of”; Notes: Specifies all creditors involved.
- מַשֵּׁ֣ה (mas-sheh) – Root: נשה; Form: noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “loan”; Notes: Refers to the debt owed by the borrower.
- יָדֹ֔ו (yado) – Root: יד; Form: noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his hand”; Notes: Represents possession or ownership.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing the debt.
- יַשֶּׁ֖ה (yas-sheh) – Root: נשה; Form: verb, Hiphil imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “he has lent”; Notes: Indicates the act of lending by the creditor.
- בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ (be-re’ehu) – Root: רע; Form: noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his neighbor”; Notes: Refers to the debtor or borrower.
- לֹֽא־יִגֹּ֤שׂ (lo-yiggos) – Root: נגש; Form: verb, Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular with negative particle; Translation: “he shall not demand”; Notes: Prohibits the act of demanding repayment.
- אֶת־רֵעֵ֨הוּ֙ (et-re’ehu) – Root: רע; Form: noun, masculine singular with direct object marker and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from his neighbor”; Notes: Specifies the debtor.
- וְאֶת־אָחִ֔יו (ve-et-achiv) – Root: אח; Form: noun, masculine singular with direct object marker and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “or his brother”; Notes: Includes kinship relations in the prohibition.
- כִּֽי־קָרָ֥א (ki-qara) – Root: קרא; Form: conjunction with verb, Qal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “because it has been proclaimed”; Notes: Explains the basis for the release.
- שְׁמִטָּ֖ה (shemittah) – Root: שמט; Form: noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “a release”; Notes: Refers to the practice of debt forgiveness.
- לַֽיהוָֽה׃ (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: proper noun with preposition; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates the release is dedicated to YHWH.